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Questions and Answers
What was the main question that arose regarding individual B's status?
What was the main question that arose regarding individual B's status?
Based on Worrell J's ruling, what was B considered to be?
Based on Worrell J's ruling, what was B considered to be?
How did Quan v Gonzales involve an agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant?
How did Quan v Gonzales involve an agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant?
What was provided in the agreement between the plaintiff and defendant in Quan v Gonzales to aid the plaintiff in making a decision?
What was provided in the agreement between the plaintiff and defendant in Quan v Gonzales to aid the plaintiff in making a decision?
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What kind of arrangement characterized B's occupation of the land as per Worrell J?
What kind of arrangement characterized B's occupation of the land as per Worrell J?
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What was one of the key terms specified in the agreement between the plaintiff and defendant in Quan v Gonzales?
What was one of the key terms specified in the agreement between the plaintiff and defendant in Quan v Gonzales?
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Why did the landlord cut off the tenant's electricity supply?
Why did the landlord cut off the tenant's electricity supply?
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What legal concept was cited by the Jamaican Court of Appeal in relation to the disconnection of electricity by the landlord?
What legal concept was cited by the Jamaican Court of Appeal in relation to the disconnection of electricity by the landlord?
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Why did Fox JA dismiss the argument of two separate contracts between the landlord and tenant?
Why did Fox JA dismiss the argument of two separate contracts between the landlord and tenant?
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How did Fox JA view the importance of electric current supply in relation to the rental agreement?
How did Fox JA view the importance of electric current supply in relation to the rental agreement?
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What argument did the landlord present in defense of disconnecting the electricity from the tenant's room?
What argument did the landlord present in defense of disconnecting the electricity from the tenant's room?
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Why did the Jamaican Court of Appeal consider the electricity disconnection a breach of an implied covenant?
Why did the Jamaican Court of Appeal consider the electricity disconnection a breach of an implied covenant?
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What type of agreement did the association enter into with the appellant?
What type of agreement did the association enter into with the appellant?
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Why did the council refer the appellant to the association for accommodation?
Why did the council refer the appellant to the association for accommodation?
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What factor did not determine if an occupier had exclusive possession of the premises?
What factor did not determine if an occupier had exclusive possession of the premises?
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What did the appellant refuse from the council in September 1986?
What did the appellant refuse from the council in September 1986?
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What did clause 5 of the License agreement state regarding the appellant's possession rights?
What did clause 5 of the License agreement state regarding the appellant's possession rights?
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What did the Law Commission propose regarding this remedy in Law Commission Report No. 194 (1991)?
What did the Law Commission propose regarding this remedy in Law Commission Report No. 194 (1991)?
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In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, what condition must be explicitly stated in the lease agreement for the remedy to be available?
In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, what condition must be explicitly stated in the lease agreement for the remedy to be available?
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What is the timeframe within which distress must be levied according to common law in Trinidad and Tobago?
What is the timeframe within which distress must be levied according to common law in Trinidad and Tobago?
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What is a key responsibility of the landlord regarding the state of the goods during distress?
What is a key responsibility of the landlord regarding the state of the goods during distress?
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Which of the following is NOT a limitation on distress as outlined in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation on distress as outlined in the text?
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In jurisdictions where distress is allowed, who usually holds the authority to distrain for arrears?
In jurisdictions where distress is allowed, who usually holds the authority to distrain for arrears?
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What does the option agreement constitute?
What does the option agreement constitute?
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According to Luckhoo P in the case Caribbean Asbestos Products Ltd v Lopez (1974), what does an option grant when given for value?
According to Luckhoo P in the case Caribbean Asbestos Products Ltd v Lopez (1974), what does an option grant when given for value?
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What happens if the lessor revokes their offer before the specified time in the option clause?
What happens if the lessor revokes their offer before the specified time in the option clause?
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In the context of an option agreement, what is meant by exercising the option?
In the context of an option agreement, what is meant by exercising the option?
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What could potentially happen if a lessor deals with the land in a way inconsistent with the right of the optionee to purchase it?
What could potentially happen if a lessor deals with the land in a way inconsistent with the right of the optionee to purchase it?
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What effect does accepting an option within the specified time have?
What effect does accepting an option within the specified time have?
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Study Notes
Tenancy at Will vs. Licensee
- B was held to be a licensee, not a tenant at will, by Worrell J in a Barbados case, as his occupation of the land was based on a family arrangement.
- The distinction between a tenancy at will and a license is significant, as only a tenancy at will can lead to a possessory title under s 8 of the Limitation and Prescription Act, Cap 232, Laws of Barbados.
Quan v Gonzales (1966-69)
- The plaintiff was granted an option to purchase business premises for $75,000, payable by monthly installments, and was allowed to occupy the premises during the 5-year option period.
- The occupation was considered a license, not a tenancy, and the plaintiff did not acquire a possessory title.
Breach of Covenant for Quiet Enjoyment
- In a Jamaican case, the landlord's action of disconnecting the electricity supply was held to be a breach of the implied covenant for quiet enjoyment, despite being done off the premises.
- The court found that the parties had bargained on the footing that electric current should come into the premises, and this became a benefit incidental to the rental of the premises.
Family Housing Association v Jones (1990)
- The appellant was granted a license to occupy a two-roomed flat in exchange for an accommodation charge, but did not have exclusive possession of the premises.
- The association retained keys to the premises and could inspect the state of repair, which did not necessarily determine whether the agreement was a tenancy or a license.
Limitations on Distress
- Distress is a remedy available in some jurisdictions, subject to statutory provisions, which allows a landlord to seize and sell a tenant's goods to recover arrears.
- Limitations on distress include:
- The type of goods that can be levied (e.g., not perishable goods, tools of trade, or goods in use)
- The timing of distress (e.g., between sunrise and sunset, or on Sundays)
- Notification of the tenant and adherence to proper procedure
- The landlord's liability for the state of the goods and the requirement for secure impoundment
Option to Renew a Lease
- An option to renew a lease constitutes an irrevocable offer to sell and binds the lessor to not deal with the land in any way inconsistent with the optionee's right to purchase the land.
- If the option is accepted within the specified time, a contract of sale is made.
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Description
Explore a case involving an appellant who applied for housing as a homeless person and entered into an agreement with an association. Learn about the legal aspects and outcomes of the case.
