Questions and Answers
What is the term for a normal heart rhythm?
What term describes a slower than normal heart rate?
What term describes a faster than normal heart rate?
Which term refers to a rhythmic variation in heartbeats that occurs with breathing?
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What does the term Sinus Exit Block refer to?
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What is Atrial Fibrillation?
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What is Junctional Rhythm?
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What is Ventricular Tachycardia?
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What is the definition of 3rd Degree AV Block?
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Study Notes
Sinus Rhythm
- Represents the normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node.
- Characterized by a consistent rate of 60-100 beats per minute.
Sinus Bradycardia
- Defined as a heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute.
- Can be normal in athletes or indicate underlying issues in other individuals.
Sinus Tachycardia
- Characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
- Often a response to stress, exercise, or medical conditions.
Sinus Arrhythmia
- A variation in heart rate that corresponds with breathing cycles.
- Common and usually considered benign; seen frequently in younger individuals.
Sinus Exit Block
- Occurs when the impulse generated in the SA node does not get transmitted to the atria.
- Can lead to missed beats and irregular heart rhythm.
Sinus Arrest
- A temporary cessation of impulse generation in the SA node.
- Results in a pause in the heart rhythm, potentially leading to symptoms.
NSR with PAC (Normal Sinus Rhythm with Premature Atrial Contraction)
- The presence of normal rhythmic heartbeats interrupted by premature beats.
- PACs may be common and usually do not signify serious problems.
SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia)
- A rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles, typically exceeding 150 beats per minute.
- Can lead to palpitations, shortness of breath, or chest pain.
Atrial Fibrillation
- An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm leading to poor blood flow.
- Characterized by chaotic electrical activity in the atria.
Atrial Flutter
- A condition resulting in a fast but regular rhythm due to a circuit of electrical impulses in the atrium.
- Often described as a “sawtooth” pattern seen on an ECG.
Paced Atrial
- Refers to atrial depolarization initiated by an implanted pacemaker.
- Seen in patients requiring pacing support due to arrhythmias.
NSR with 1st Degree AVB (Normal Sinus Rhythm with First Degree Atrioventricular Block)
- Indicates a delay in conduction through the AV node, without missed beats.
- Typically benign and doesn’t usually require treatment.
2nd Degree AVB Type I (Wenckebach)
- Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a beat is dropped.
- Often benign but may require monitoring for progression.
2nd Degree AVB Type II
- Characterized by dropped beats with a consistent PR interval.
- More serious than Type I; may require pacing due to risk of progression.
2nd Degree AVB 2:1
- A specific pattern where every second atrial impulse is blocked.
- Can indicate severe underlying conduction issues.
3rd Degree AV Block (Complete Heart Block)
- A total dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity.
- Often requires pacemaker insertion due to loss of synchronized heart function.
NSR with PJC (Normal Sinus Rhythm with Premature Junctional Contraction)
- Normal heart rhythm interrupted by early QRS complex of junctional origin.
- Generally considered benign unless symptomatic.
Junctional Rhythm
- Characterized by an escape rhythm originating from the AV junction.
- Typically results in a slower heart rate than normal.
Accelerated Junctional
- A faster-than-normal junctional rhythm, with a heart rate between 60-100 beats per minute.
- Often seen in various clinical settings.
Junctional Tachycardia
- A rapid junctional rhythm typically exceeding 100 beats per minute.
- Can result from increased automaticity or re-entry mechanisms.
Wandering Pacemaker
- A condition where the pacemaker site shifts between the SA node and the atria.
- Results in variability in heart rate and P-wave morphology.
NSR with PVC (Normal Sinus Rhythm with Premature Ventricular Contraction)
- A normal rhythm disrupted by premature beats originating from the ventricles.
- Common in healthy individuals but may require evaluation if frequent.
Idioventricular
- A slow heart rhythm originating from the ventricles, typically around 20-40 beats per minute.
- Often seen as a protective mechanism when higher pacing fails.
Accelerated IVR (Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm)
- A ventricular rhythm that is faster than idioventricular but slower than ventricular tachycardia, typically 41-100 beats per minute.
- Frequently occurs after myocardial infarction.
Ventricular Tachycardia
- Characterized by a fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute) originating from the ventricles.
- Can be life-threatening and lead to ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular Fibrillation
- A chaotic, ineffective heart rhythm resulting in the heart's inability to pump blood.
- Requires immediate defibrillation to restore normal rhythm.
Paced Ventricular
- Refers to ventricular depolarization initiated by an external pacemaker.
- Often used in patients with severe conduction abnormalities.
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