UGA Class Purchasing Flashcards
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UGA Class Purchasing Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the '80/20' Rule referring to?

  • A method for managing inventory
  • A principle stating a small number yields most of the output (correct)
  • A guideline for pricing strategies
  • None of the above
  • What is an addendum?

    A written change, addition, alteration, correction, or revision to a bid, proposal, or contract document.

    What does auctioning entail?

    Telling a supplier the price(s) of another supplier to allow the former supplier to submit the lowest price.

    What is a bid bond?

    <p>An insurance agreement that guarantees the bidder will not withdraw the bid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bidder's list?

    <p>A list of companies maintained by the purchasing office of suppliers and contractors who wish to bid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a capital asset.

    <p>All tangible property which cannot easily be converted into cash and is usually held for a long period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a capital budget?

    <p>The first year of the Capital Improvements Plan as approved by the Commission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capital project?

    <p>A project that results in the purchase or construction of capital assets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a centralized purchasing system?

    <p>A system where purchasing functions reside in a singular business unit that buys on behalf of the entire organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define collusion in a purchasing context.

    <p>An agreement between two or more persons to limit open competition by deceiving or defrauding the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are combination performance and design specifications?

    <p>The most common type of specification, including important characteristics for the end result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cooperative purchasing arrangement?

    <p>Two or more entities purchasing jointly to achieve lower unit prices and reduced costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Davis-Bacon Act?

    <p>A United States federal law that requires paying prevailing wages on public works projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does decentralized purchasing mean?

    <p>Each user department buys for itself based on its own needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define design specifications.

    <p>Specifications that describe the characteristics and features of the product or equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is direct pay?

    <p>A payment that isn't processed through Purchasing and involves a direct voucher to Accounts Payable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is economy in purchasing?

    <p>A goal of purchasing measured in terms of cost savings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effectiveness mean in purchasing?

    <p>A goal measured in terms of obtaining the good or service at the required quality level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define efficiency in purchasing.

    <p>A goal measured by how well the purchase is obtained in terms of time and staff energy spent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes an emergency purchase?

    <p>A sudden occurrence that poses imminent danger requiring immediate action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an encumbrance in purchasing?

    <p>An amount for which there is a legal obligation to spend in the future, created by a purchase order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define e-procurement.

    <p>A system that handles some or all of the procurement cycle electronically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does expedite mean in a purchasing context?

    <p>To execute promptly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FIFO stand for?

    <p>First in first out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FOB Delivered mean?

    <p>Buyer takes ownership of the goods from the seller at the buyer's delivery location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define FOB Source.

    <p>Buyer takes ownership of the goods at the seller's shipping point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a formal procurement?

    <p>A procurement exceeding a dollar threshold requiring legal parameters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is governmental purchasing?

    <p>A system of policies and procedures for acquiring goods and services for the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an informal bid?

    <p>A small dollar procurement method not requiring legal advertising.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does LIFO mean?

    <p>Last in first out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a line function in purchasing?

    <p>A role that strives to achieve savings for the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define materials management.

    <p>The movement of materials through an organization including inventory and buying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an operating budget?

    <p>A detailed projection of estimated income and expenses over a given period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a payment bond?

    <p>A contractual instrument guaranteeing subcontractors will be paid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a performance bond do?

    <p>Protects the public entity from loss due to the bidder's inability to complete the contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are performance specifications?

    <p>Specifications that focus on what the product or equipment should accomplish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are public works?

    <p>Projects financed by the government for community use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pre-encumbrance?

    <p>An expected spend amount without a legal obligation, created by a requisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pre-qualification involve?

    <p>The screening of potential vendors based on various factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is procurement?

    <p>The acquisition process of goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a purchase order?

    <p>A document issued by a buyer to a seller indicating ordered products or services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define purchasing authority.

    <p>The authority delegated to a purchasing system, usually through a local ordinance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purchasing cycle?

    <p>The steps that an organization goes through when making a purchase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requisition?

    <p>A document generated to notify the purchasing office of required items and quantities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to be responsible in purchasing?

    <p>Meeting the overall capability to satisfactorily perform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to be responsive in purchasing?

    <p>Meeting all terms, conditions, and specifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reverse auction?

    <p>A process where buyers communicate their needs, and sellers competitively reduce their prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the service function in purchasing?

    <p>A role that performs buying for the organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sole source purchasing?

    <p>When there is only one vendor capable of providing a needed product or service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define specifications in purchasing.

    <p>An explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a product or service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does split purchase refer to?

    <p>A division of a purchase into multiple transactions to avoid formal procurement processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a staff function in purchasing?

    <p>Researching market trends and advising user departments on new products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does standardization mean in purchasing?

    <p>Adoption of a single product or group of products by organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define supply chain management.

    <p>Management of a network of businesses involved in providing products and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does supplier management involve?

    <p>Conducting or supervising an organization's suppliers of goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tabulation in purchasing?

    <p>The recording of responses to bids for comparison and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are terms and conditions in a contract?

    <p>Provisions, requirements, and specifications forming an integral part of an agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define ordinance in the context of purchasing.

    <p>A method through which purchasing authority and responsibility is established.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination purchasing system?

    <p>A system where large dollar purchases are handled centrally and smaller ones by user departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the '10%, 90%' refer to in purchasing?

    <p>It refers to the distribution of time spent on higher and lower dollar purchases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a bid need to be advertised?

    <p>When it is valued at $100,000 or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishes purchasing authority?

    <p>Ordinance or regulations, which become policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between policies and procedures?

    <p>Policies are broader, while procedures should be specific and detailed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the determining factors for centralizing or decentralizing purchasing?

    <p>The government's size and budget.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of a centralized purchasing system?

    <p>Greater savings through volume buying, reduced costs, and standardized purchases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of a decentralized purchasing system?

    <p>The user department knows exactly what is needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a combined centralized/decentralized purchasing system allow?

    <p>Larger dollar purchases are handled centrally while smaller purchases are done quickly by user departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must purchasing have to be effective?

    <p>Both authority and responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishes purchasing authority?

    <p>Policy, procedures, rules, and regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What support is essential for implementing a centralized purchasing system?

    <p>Support from elected/appointed officials and consensus from user departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps in the purchasing process called?

    <p>Purchasing cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Purchasing Fundamentals

    • "80/20" Rule: A business principle indicating that a small fraction of inputs (20%) often accounts for most outputs (80%).
    • Addendum: A written amendment to contracts or proposals that includes changes or corrections.
    • Auctioning: Disclosing competitor prices to allow suppliers to lower their bids.
    • Bid Bond: A guarantee that a bidder will not withdraw their proposal, typically requiring 5% of the bid amount.
    • Bidder's List: A compilation of suppliers eligible to submit bids for specific products or services.
    • Capital Asset: Long-term tangible assets such as real estate and equipment, not easily liquidated.
    • Capital Budget: The annual financial plan for capital improvements approved by governing bodies.
    • Capital Project: Initiates the acquisition or construction of capital assets, such as land or buildings.

    Purchasing Systems

    • Centralized Purchasing System: All purchasing decisions are made by a single unit for the whole organization, promoting efficiency.
    • Decentralized Purchasing System: Individual departments conduct their own purchases based on specific needs.
    • Combination Purchasing System: Centralized handling of large purchases while allowing departments to manage smaller purchases independently.

    Compliance and Regulations

    • Collusion: Illegal agreement between parties to restrict competition, undermining fairness in procurement.
    • Davis-Bacon Act of 1931: A federal law mandating prevailing wage payments on public works projects to ensure fair labor practices.
    • Informal Bid: A simplified purchase procedure for small dollar amounts that bypasses formal advertising requirements.

    Procurement Processes

    • Competitive Sealed Bidding: A formal method of soliciting bids where price is the primary determining factor.
    • Competitive Sealed Proposal: Proposals submitted in sealed envelopes to be reviewed publicly at a predetermined time.
    • Emergency Purchase: Procurements made in urgent situations to prevent significant loss or harm.

    Financial Instruments

    • Payment Bond: Guarantees payment to subcontractors for labor and materials, often secured by various financial instruments.
    • Performance Bond: Protects public entities from losses if a contractor fails to complete their obligations as specified.

    Purchasing Goals

    • Goals include efficiency (minimizing time and resources), effectiveness (quality of obtained goods/services), and economy (cost savings).
    • A sound purchasing system prevents waste, ensures fair competition, and maximizes savings for taxpayers.

    Key Processes and Practices

    • Specifications: Detailed requirements for products or services, crucial in the procurement process for consistency and compliance.
    • Pre-Qualification: Screening of contractors to develop a qualified supplier list based on financial and reputational criteria.
    • Requisition: A formal request from a department to the purchasing office detailing required items, quantities, and timelines.

    Roles within Purchasing

    • Staff Function: Research and advisory roles aiming to inform user departments and optimize purchasing decisions.
    • Service Function: Direct purchasing roles that supply the needs of departments for efficient operation.
    • Line Function: Focuses on achieving savings for government through strategic purchasing decisions.

    Market Engagement and Strategy

    • Reverse Auction: A competitive bidding process where sellers lower prices in response to buyer needs.
    • Commodity Management: Responsible procurement for specific goods and services to streamline purchasing.

    Additional Definitions

    • Encumbrance: Future financial obligations made through purchase orders without immediate spending.
    • Specifications: Explicit criteria essential for performing jobs or services effectively.
    • Standardization: The unification of products across departments or organizations to enhance efficiency.

    Local Government Purchasing

    • Policies and regulations establish purchasing authority for local jurisdictions, ensuring structured governance.
    • Common exemptions include utilities, legal fees, and training costs, recognized as necessary purchases outside standard processes.

    Overall Importance

    • Effective purchasing is vital for optimizing government spending, ensuring fair practices, and achieving the best value for taxpayers through a comprehensive and well-structured system.

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    Test your knowledge on key terms and principles from the UGA Purchasing class with these flashcards. Learn important concepts like the '80/20' rule and the definition of an addendum in the context of contracts and proposals.

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