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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the receiver buffer?
What is the purpose of the receiver buffer?
- To temporarily store incoming data from the sender (correct)
- To filter out any errors in the received data
- To encrypt the received data for security purposes
- To convert the received data to a different format
What is the capacity of each cell in the receiver buffer?
What is the capacity of each cell in the receiver buffer?
- 50 bytes (correct)
- The capacity is not specified
- 25 bytes
- 100 bytes
Which of the following is a potential reason for using a receiver buffer?
Which of the following is a potential reason for using a receiver buffer?
- To convert the received data to a different protocol
- To encrypt the received data for security purposes
- To synchronize the data transfer rate between the sender and receiver (correct)
- To filter out any errors in the transmitted data
If the receiver buffer is full, what is likely to happen?
If the receiver buffer is full, what is likely to happen?
What is the purpose of specifying the buffer cell size as 50 bytes?
What is the purpose of specifying the buffer cell size as 50 bytes?
The TCP header can be of ______ length due to the TCP options field
The TCP header can be of ______ length due to the TCP options field
The flag field contains ______ bits:
The flag field contains ______ bits:
The ACK bit is used to indicate that the value carried in the acknowledgment field is ______; that is, the segment contains an acknowledgment for a segment that has been successfully received.
The ACK bit is used to indicate that the value carried in the acknowledgment field is ______; that is, the segment contains an acknowledgment for a segment that has been successfully received.
The TCP header can be of ______ length due to the TCP options field
The TCP header can be of ______ length due to the TCP options field
The flag field contains ______ bits:
The flag field contains ______ bits:
The ACK bit is used to indicate that the value carried in the acknowledgment field is ______; that is, the segment contains an acknowledgment for a segment that has been successfully received.
The ACK bit is used to indicate that the value carried in the acknowledgment field is ______; that is, the segment contains an acknowledgment for a segment that has been successfully received.
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Study Notes
UDP Characteristics
- UDP does not have congestion control, allowing it to send data as fast as desired
- UDP uses a checksum to detect errors in transmitted segments
- The UDP checksum is calculated by treating segment contents, including header fields, as a sequence of 16-bit integers and adding them up (one's complement sum)
UDP Checksum Calculation and Error Detection
- The sender computes the checksum of the segment contents and puts the value into the UDP checksum field
- The receiver computes the checksum of the received segment and checks if it equals the checksum field value
- If the computed checksum does not equal the checksum field value, an error is detected; otherwise, no error is detected
TCP Connection Management
- A TCP connection consists of buffers, variables, and a socket connection to a process in one host, and another set of buffers, variables, and a socket connection to a process in another host
- When a process in a client wants to initiate a connection with a process in a server, TCP connection management is involved
TCP Data Transfer Phase
- During the data transfer phase, data up to the expected sequence number is already acknowledged, and a delayed ACK is sent
- The receiver waits up to 500 ms for the next segment; if no next segment arrives, an ACK is sent
- When an in-order segment with the expected sequence number arrives, and there is another in-order segment waiting for ACK transmission, the delayed ACK is sent
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