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Questions and Answers
What did the Regulating Act of 1773 introduce regarding the Court of Directors?
What did the Regulating Act of 1773 introduce regarding the Court of Directors?
The Pitt's India Act of 1784 completely abolished the Company's governance.
The Pitt's India Act of 1784 completely abolished the Company's governance.
False
Who was appointed as the Chief Justice after the establishment of the court in 1774?
Who was appointed as the Chief Justice after the establishment of the court in 1774?
Sir Elijah Impey
In 1715, the English obtained a Farman from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiya granting the company the right to trade in Bengal with a payment of Rs. ____ per annum.
In 1715, the English obtained a Farman from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiya granting the company the right to trade in Bengal with a payment of Rs. ____ per annum.
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Match the historical events with their corresponding years:
Match the historical events with their corresponding years:
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Which event marked the beginning of British settlements on the Coromandel coast?
Which event marked the beginning of British settlements on the Coromandel coast?
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The East India Company was allowed to produce its own coins in 1716-17.
The East India Company was allowed to produce its own coins in 1716-17.
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What was the main purpose of the Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What was the main purpose of the Pitt's India Act of 1784?
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Which Act extended the Company's business privileges for an additional twenty years?
Which Act extended the Company's business privileges for an additional twenty years?
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The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the free trade monopoly for the East India Company in all commodities.
The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the free trade monopoly for the East India Company in all commodities.
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Who was the first Governor-General of India under the Charter Act of 1833?
Who was the first Governor-General of India under the Charter Act of 1833?
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The Charter Act of 1813 allowed the East India Company to retain its monopoly of trade in _______ and ______.
The Charter Act of 1813 allowed the East India Company to retain its monopoly of trade in _______ and ______.
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Match the Charter Act with the corresponding details:
Match the Charter Act with the corresponding details:
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What was a significant outcome of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was a significant outcome of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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The Pitt's India Act of 1784 confirmed the East India Company's monopoly in all areas of trade.
The Pitt's India Act of 1784 confirmed the East India Company's monopoly in all areas of trade.
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What year did the liberating act allowing any English firm to trade with India pass?
What year did the liberating act allowing any English firm to trade with India pass?
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What was the impact of British policies on India's economy?
What was the impact of British policies on India's economy?
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The United Company of Merchants of England Trading toward the East Indies was formed before the merger in 1708.
The United Company of Merchants of England Trading toward the East Indies was formed before the merger in 1708.
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What event is commonly referred to as the First War of Independence in India?
What event is commonly referred to as the First War of Independence in India?
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The _______ influenced British trade expansion in India.
The _______ influenced British trade expansion in India.
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What was one result of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was one result of the Regulating Act of 1773?
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The Charter Act of 1793 was mainly focused on expanding British authority in India.
The Charter Act of 1793 was mainly focused on expanding British authority in India.
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What was the primary purpose of Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What was the primary purpose of Pitt's India Act of 1784?
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The British approach transformed India's economy, disrupting its _______ economy.
The British approach transformed India's economy, disrupting its _______ economy.
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Match the following acts with their key features:
Match the following acts with their key features:
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Study Notes
The East India Company
- The East India Company's central command for settlements on the Coromandel coast was established.
- In 1651, the British established a factory at Hooghly, followed by factories in Patna and Kasimbazar.
- In 1668, Charles II transferred Bombay to the Company on a rent of £10 per annum.
- Bombay became a thriving commercial city.
- In 1687, Sir Josiah Child, the President of the Company, implemented a shift in strategy, making the company's activities more politically focused, along with the expansion of its trade interests.
- In 1690, the Company acquired Calcutta from the Nawab of Bengal for an annual payment of Rs. 1,200.
- In 1715, the English secured a Farman from the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar, granting them the right to trade in Bengal without duties, but with an annual payment of Rs. 3,000.
- During 1716-17, the Company was granted permission to produce its own coins, which circulated as currency within the Mughal empire. This is referred to as the Magna Carta of the Company.
- From 1755-57, the Company expanded its fleet and colluded with the Peshwa to defeat the Angrias, who controlled the Western coast from Bombay to Goa. The Company captured Suvamdurg, an Angria fortress, in 1755, and their capital Gheria in 1757.
Central and Provincial Structure Under the East India Company
- The Regulating Act of 1773 established a Governor-General with a casting vote in Bengal.
- The Act also aimed to centralise the administration by creating a Supreme Court comprising of a Chief Justice and three judges.
- The Pitt's India Act of 1784 transferred the control of civil, military, and revenue affairs in India to the Board of Control, comprising of six individuals.
- The Charter Act of 1793 extended the Company's trade privileges for another twenty years, and the power granted to Cornwallis to override his council was extended to future Governors-General and Governors.
- The Charter Act of 1813 ended the Company's trade monopoly in India, except for the trade with China and tea.
- This Act allowed the Company to administer the territorial revenues for another twenty years.
- It also allocated one lakh of rupees annually for the advancement of education.
- The Charter Act of 1833 introduced free trade in India by abolishing the Company's monopoly in tea and trade with China.
- The Governor-General of Bengal became the Governor-General of India.
- The Act aimed to consolidate the administration of India.
- The Act also centralized legislation.
- It strengthened the Executive Council of the Governor-General for legislative purposes.
- The Charter Act of 1853 renewed the Company's powers and gave it the authority to administer Indian territories "in trust for her highness" until Parliament decided otherwise.
Trade Monopoly
- In 1694, an act allowed any English firm to trade with India, effectively ending the monopoly of the East India Company.
- Despite the act, another "parallel" East India Company was established in 1697, fueled by a state-sponsored investment of £2 million.
- The old company's powerful shareholders bought a significant portion of the new company's shares, effectively taking control.
- These companies ultimately merged in 1708, forming the United Company of Merchants of England Trading toward the East Indies.
- This merger was orchestrated by Sidney Godolphin, the first Earl of Godolphin, who supported the new company's charter and agreement.
- In 1757, the Law Officers of the Crown highlighted the "Pratt-Yorke" distinction, which categorized territorial acquisitions gained through conquest as separate from those obtained through private deals.
Economic Impact of The British Rule in India
- The British economic policies transformed India's economy into a colonial economy.
- The traditional structure of the Indian economy was disrupted.
- British policies aimed to serve their interests but were not integrated into Indian life.
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