28 Questions
What is the primary focus of epigenetics?
Interactions between genes and their products
How does DNA methylation inhibit gene transcription?
By adding methyl groups to bases
According to Lamarck's theory of evolution, what can an organism pass on to its offspring?
Physical characteristics acquired during its lifetime
Which epigenetic mechanism involves different molecules attaching to the tails of histones?
Histone modification
What is the outcome of lifestyle and epigenetics according to the statement 'You are what your grandparents ate'?
Inherited physical characteristics
What is the main difference between DNA methylation and histone modification?
One involves adding methyl groups to bases, the other alters chromatin structure
What is the function of CpG islands in the human genome?
To serve as promoter regions for gene expression
Which type of DNA sequences can move from one region of the genome to another?
Transposable elements
What is the role of DNA methylation at enhancers in affecting transcription?
It recruits methyl-binding proteins and co-repressor complexes
Which activity does DNA methylation not couple to according to Moore et al. (2013)?
Histone acetylation
What is the mechanism through which DNA methylation can silence gene expression at promoter regions?
By preventing transcription factor binding
Which is a characteristic of CpG islands in the human genome?
They are typically unmethylated in promoter regions
2.2
DNA Transposons (class II)
Which genomic distribution is hypomethylated in cancer according to Tubio, Science 2014?
mCpG Distribution
How does DNA methylation affect the expression of perturbed genes indirectly?
Regulates DNA methylation within target genes
What is the purpose of X-chromosome inactivation?
To achieve dosage compensation for X-encoded gene products
Which of the following is true about Xist?
Xist is a non-coding RNA.
What is the main function of DNMT1?
Maintenance of global methylation patterns.
What is the result of deficiency in DNMT3B?
Increased genome instability.
In which type of cancer can CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) be observed?
All of the above
What is the distinctive prognosis associated with MI+ CRC tumors?
Faster rate of adenoma to carcinoma progression
Which gene is hypermethylated in colorectal cancer?
MLH1
What is the mutation type found in approximately 60% of DNMT3A mutations in AML patients?
Dominant negative mutation
In which type of cancer has global hypomethylation been observed in early stages?
Wilms tumor
What is the main function of DNMT3A?
De novo methylation in gametogenesis.
What is the genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis?
Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events
What does CTCF binding to the insulator lead to?
Switching off Igf2
What are the types of DNA methylation changes that occur in cancer?
Both hypo- and hyper- methylation
Test your knowledge on epigenetics and DNA methylation with this quiz based on the learning outcomes from Dr. Sarah Koushyar's lecture at UCL Cancer Institute. Explore questions related to understanding epigenetics and explaining the types of epigenetic mechanisms.
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