UCL Cancer Institute MSc Cancer 2 Part 1 Epigenetics Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary focus of epigenetics?

Changes in the DNA sequence

Inhibiting gene transcription

Interactions between genes and their products (correct)

Altering chromatin structure

How does DNA methylation inhibit gene transcription?

By adding methyl groups to bases (correct)

By changing the DNA sequence

By copying the methylation pattern from the parent strand

By altering chromatin structure

According to Lamarck's theory of evolution, what can an organism pass on to its offspring?

Molecular attachments to histone tails

Physical characteristics acquired during its lifetime (correct)

Epigenetic patterns inherited during meiosis

Changes in the DNA sequence

Which epigenetic mechanism involves different molecules attaching to the tails of histones?

Histone modification Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of lifestyle and epigenetics according to the statement 'You are what your grandparents ate'?

Inherited physical characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA methylation and histone modification?

One involves adding methyl groups to bases, the other alters chromatin structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CpG islands in the human genome?

To serve as promoter regions for gene expression Signup and view all the answers

Which type of DNA sequences can move from one region of the genome to another?

Transposable elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA methylation at enhancers in affecting transcription?

It recruits methyl-binding proteins and co-repressor complexes Signup and view all the answers

Which activity does DNA methylation not couple to according to Moore et al. (2013)?

Histone acetylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which DNA methylation can silence gene expression at promoter regions?

By preventing transcription factor binding Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of CpG islands in the human genome?

They are typically unmethylated in promoter regions Signup and view all the answers

2.2

DNA Transposons (class II) Signup and view all the answers

Which genomic distribution is hypomethylated in cancer according to Tubio, Science 2014?

mCpG Distribution Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA methylation affect the expression of perturbed genes indirectly?

Regulates DNA methylation within target genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of X-chromosome inactivation?

To achieve dosage compensation for X-encoded gene products Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Xist?

Xist is a non-coding RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNMT1?

Maintenance of global methylation patterns. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deficiency in DNMT3B?

Increased genome instability. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cancer can CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) be observed?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinctive prognosis associated with MI+ CRC tumors?

Faster rate of adenoma to carcinoma progression Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is hypermethylated in colorectal cancer?

MLH1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mutation type found in approximately 60% of DNMT3A mutations in AML patients?

Dominant negative mutation Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cancer has global hypomethylation been observed in early stages?

Wilms tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNMT3A?

De novo methylation in gametogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis?

Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events Signup and view all the answers

What does CTCF binding to the insulator lead to?

Switching off Igf2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of DNA methylation changes that occur in cancer?

Both hypo- and hyper- methylation Signup and view all the answers