Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a frequent inspection?

Daily to monthly

What action does a signal person intend if he extends his arm at shoulder height, makes a fist with his hand, and sticks his thumb up?

Boom Up

When hoisting personnel, within what percentage of level must a telescopic boom crane be?

What should you do if the load line of the crane contacts an energized power line?

Stay in the cab until the lines are de-energized. Signup and view all the answers

According to OSHA 1926.1413, how many broken wires in rotation-resistant rope require replacement?

2 broken wires in 6 rope diameters Signup and view all the answers

What is the net capacity of a crane on main boom unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer?

The capacity listed in the load chart minus the weight of the rigging and all attachments Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to a properly rigged load when lifted off the ground if the operator does not consider boom deflection?

It could swing out away from the crane. Signup and view all the answers

Who should an operator respond to a 'stop' signal from?

Anyone Signup and view all the answers

What area do truck cranes without a 5th outrigger generally have no lifting capacity unless stated otherwise?

The front Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'operating radius'?

The distance from the center of rotation of the crane to the center of gravity of the load Signup and view all the answers

What applies to the capacities below the bold line shown on a load chart?

They are based on the stability of the crane Signup and view all the answers

In which quadrant are rough terrain crane capacities generally greater?

Over the front Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is it never okay for a person to ride the headache ball?

It is never okay Signup and view all the answers

By what percentage do most manufacturers require a crane's load chart capacity to be reduced for duty cycle operations?

20% Signup and view all the answers

From which two points should the boom be measured?

From the boom hinge pins to the center of the boom tip sheave Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method of installing wire rope from a reel onto a hoist drum?

The rope runs from the top of the reel to the top of the drum Signup and view all the answers

Over which quadrant are truck crane capacities usually greater?

Over the rear Signup and view all the answers

According to OSHA, which area of an operating crane must always be barricaded?

The swing radius of the rear of the rotating superstructure Signup and view all the answers

What is the OSHA regulation governing cranes in construction?

1926.1400 Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance is a crack in the windshield of a crane cab acceptable?

As long as it causes no visible distortion that would interfere with safe operations Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance does OSHA permit hoisting personnel by crane?

As long as there is no less hazardous or practicable way Signup and view all the answers

What crane capacity chart is appropriate when a crane is set up with 3 of its 4 outriggers extended and one retracted?

On-rubber chart Signup and view all the answers

According to OSHA, while hoisting personnel, the total load must not exceed what percentage of the crane's rated capacity?

50% Signup and view all the answers

When is side loading of crane booms permitted?

Only with freely suspended loads Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if an operator makes two audible signals when moving a crane?

He/she intends to go ahead Signup and view all the answers

When may blocking (cribbing) be placed under outrigger beams?

Never Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of placing timber blocking under the tips of the tracks on a crawler crane?

Makes the crane more stable Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the manufacturer's crane rating must not be exceeded if a load test is done on a repaired crane?

110% Signup and view all the answers

Where is the tipping axis of a crawler crane located?

It depends if the idler or sprocket are in line or offset from the track rollers Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with materials placed under overhead energized power lines?

Not be lifted by crane Signup and view all the answers

Where should the crane's outrigger pads or tracks be placed when working at ground floor level near a cellar wall?

At least as far back as the depth of the wall below ground Signup and view all the answers

How should the wheels of a crane be positioned when it is set up for working on outriggers?

Just high enough off the ground to relieve the tires of crane weight Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ground bearing pressure if you move a crawler crane from soft ground to harder ground?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

When may a swivel be used with rotation resistant wire rope?

If the rope manufacturer approves Signup and view all the answers

What should you do on pick and carry operations?

Keep the boom as short as possible Signup and view all the answers

What boom position would cause the greatest ground pressure when lifting with crawler cranes?

Over the corner Signup and view all the answers

Where should the hook be positioned when preparing to hoist a light load?

Directly above the load's center of gravity Signup and view all the answers

According to OSHA 1926.1408, what minimum clearance must be maintained between any part of the crane/load and 850kV energized overhead power lines?

45 ft. Signup and view all the answers

How many parts of line are required to hoist a 36,500 lb. load if the maximum allowable line pull is 9,000 lbs.?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of deduction required for an erected jib that is not being used?

The effective weight of the jib Signup and view all the answers

What capacity should you use when the boom length of the crane falls between lengths listed in the load chart?

The next longest or the next shortest boom length, whichever is the lower capacity Signup and view all the answers

When is it okay to temporarily bypass a crane's overload warning system?

During assembly/disassembly operations Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the leverage of the load on a crane as the boom is being lowered?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Standard Method hand signals found?

a. OSHA Subpart CC Signup and view all the answers

What should an operator do if a crane's load moment indicator (LMI) malfunctions?

Cease crane operations and report the condition to the supervisor Signup and view all the answers

What is the safety factor of rotation resistant rope while lifting personnel?

10:1 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Frequent Inspection

A frequent inspection is defined as occurring daily to monthly.

Hand Signals

A signal person extending their arm at shoulder height, making a fist, and sticking their thumb up indicates "Boom Up."

Crane Operations

Telescopic boom cranes must be within 1% of level grade when hoisting personnel for the load chart's gross ratings to remain valid.

Safety Protocol

If the crane's load line contacts an energized power line, remain in the cab until de-energized.

Wire Rope Standards

According to OSHA 1926.1413, two broken wires in six rope diameters require replacement of rotation-resistant rope.

Crane Capacity

A crane's net capacity on the main boom is the listed capacity minus the weight of rigging and attachments.

Load Rigging

A properly rigged load can swing away from the crane if the operator does not account for boom deflection.

Signals Authority

Operators must respond to a "stop" signal from anyone.

Truck Crane Capacities

Without a 5th outrigger, truck cranes generally have no lifting capacity over the front unless stated otherwise.

Operating Radius

The "operating radius" is the distance from the crane's center of rotation to the load's center of gravity.

Load Chart Capabilities

Capacities below the bold line on a load chart are based on the crane's stability.

Quadrant Capacity

Rough terrain crane capacities are generally higher over the front quadrant.

Hoisting Regulations

According to federal requirements, it is never permissible for a person to ride the headache ball.

Duty Cycle Operations

Most manufacturers require reducing a crane's load chart capacity by 20% for duty cycle operations like high-volume concrete placement.

Boom Measurement

Boom length should be measured from hinge pins to the tip sheave's center.

Wire Rope Placement

The preferred method for installing wire rope from a reel to a hoist drum is top of the reel to top of the drum.

Truck Crane Operation

Truck crane capacities are usually greater over the rear quadrant.

Barricading Requirements

Areas of an operating crane, especially where the rear of the rotating superstructure swings, must always be barricaded.

OSHA Regulations

The governing OSHA regulation for cranes in construction is 1926.1400.

Wind Restrictions

A crane cab's windshield crack is acceptable if it does not cause visible distortion affecting safe operations.

Personnel Hoisting Conditions

OSHA permits hoisting personnel by a crane only if no less hazardous or practicable means exist.

Outrigger Guidelines

With three outriggers extended, the appropriate crane capacity chart is the on-rubber chart unless otherwise specified.

Weight Capacity During Personnel Hoisting

Total load while hoisting personnel must not exceed 50% of the crane's rated capacity.

Side Loading Regulations

Side loading of crane booms is allowed only with freely suspended loads.

Operator Communications

Two audible signals when moving a crane indicate the operator intends to proceed.

Outrigger Guidelines

Blocking (cribbing) should never be placed under outrigger beams.

Ground Stability

Placing timber blocking under a crawler crane's track tips increases stability.

Load Test Regulations

When load tests are conducted on repaired cranes, they must not exceed 110% of the manufacturer's rating.

Tipping Axis Conditions

The tipping axis of a crawler crane's location depends on whether the idler or sprocket is aligned or offset from track rollers.

Lifting Restrictions Near Power Lines

Materials should not be lifted by a crane under overhead energized power lines.

Outrigger Pad Placement

Crane outrigger pads must be positioned at least back from the cellar wall's depth when working near cellar walls.

Wheel Positioning

Crane wheels should only be slightly off the ground when set up on outriggers to relieve tire weight.

Ground Bearing Pressure

Moving a crawler crane from soft ground to hard ground results in increased ground bearing pressure.

Swivel Usage with Wire Rope

A swivel may be used with rotation-resistant wire rope only if the rope manufacturer grants approval.

Pick and Carry Operations

During pick and carry operations, keep the boom as short as possible for safety.

Ground Pressure Factors

Greatest ground pressure occurs when lifting from a crawler crane's boom positioned over a corner.

Hook Positioning

The hook must be positioned directly above the load's center of gravity when preparing to hoist.

Clearance Requirements

A minimum of 45 feet clearance must be maintained between any part of the crane/load and 850kV energized overhead power lines.

Load Line Requirements

To lift a 36,500 lb load with a maximum line pull of 9,000 lbs, five parts of line are required.

Jib Deduction

The deduction for an erected jib not in use is determined by the jib's effective weight.

When boom length falls between lengths on the load chart, use the next longest or next shortest, whichever has a lower capacity.

Overload System

Temporarily bypassing a crane's overload warning system is permissible only during assembly or disassembly operations.

Load Leverage Dynamics

As the boom lowers, the leverage of the load on the crane increases.

Hand Signals Reference

Standard method hand signals are found in OSHA Subpart CC.

LMI Malfunctions

If a crane's load moment indicator (LMI) malfunctions, operations must cease immediately and be reported to a supervisor.

Inspection Criteria

Inspection criteria for running ropes: Six broken wires in a rope lay or three in a strand dictate replacement.

Inspection Frequencies

Standing or pendant ropes must be inspected for more than two broken wires in one rope lay beyond end connections or one at an end connection.

Diameter Reduction Standards

A reduction of more than 5% from the nominal diameter is subject to inspection.

Range Diagram Utilities

A range diagram helps determine the load radius using boom length and angle.

Load Radius Variations

An unlevel crane that swings a load from the high side to the low side will increase the load radius.

Duty Cycle Capacity Reductions

Manufacturers decrease load capacity for duty-cycle operations due to potential side loading and force changes.

Stability Risks

Only approved attachments should be placed at the rear to avoid backward stability issues.

Outrigger Extensions

Outriggers should only be less than fully extended when specified by a load chart for that operation.

Stability Testing

Backward stability is tested with basic boom at maximum angle without load over the side.

Jib Angle Interpretations

"Jib angle to ground" refers to the main boom angle minus the jib’s offset.

Man-Basket Testing Standards

Test loads for a man-basket must be held in a suspended position for a minimum of five minutes, evenly distributed.

Sheave Pitch Diameter

All sheaves in a boom hoist reeving system must have a rope pitch diameter of at least 18 times the nominal diameter when using rotation-resistant rope.

Minimum Sheave Pitch Diameters

Load hoisting sheaves require a minimum pitch diameter of 18 times the rope diameter, while boom sheaves need 15 times and load block sheaves require 16 times.

Outrigger Blocking Requirements

Outrigger blocking should be at least three times the pad size.

LMI Installation Requirements

Load moment indicators (LMI) must be installed on cranes with a lifting capacity of three tons and above.

Hook Types for Personnel Lifting

The crane's hook must be of a type that can be closed and locked when lifting personnel.

Jib Backlash Limits

Allowable jib backlash is limited to 5 degrees.

Crane Leveling Specifications

A crane must be level within 1% grade.

Periodic Inspection Timing

A periodic inspection occurs monthly to annually.

Test Load Limits

Test loads must not exceed 110% of the manufacturer's load ratings.

Long-Term Crane Inactivity

Cranes idle for more than six months require a complete inspection including frequent, periodic, and wire rope checks.

Rotation Resistant Rope Usage

Rotation-resistant ropes may be used as boom hoist reeving if approved by the governing standards.

Safety Factor for Personnel Lifting

A safety factor of 10:1 is required for rotation-resistant rope when lifting personnel.

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