Module 1 Section 1
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Questions and Answers

Who is allowed to introduce legislative proposals in Congress?

  • Any citizen of the country
  • Only representatives and senators (correct)
  • Only executive department heads
  • Any government official

What is the process when multiple similar bills are introduced?

  • Committees may consolidate the best features into one bill (correct)
  • One bill is always selected for passage
  • New bills can be introduced to replace all others instantly
  • Each bill is voted on separately without changes

What action must be taken for a public bill to formally enter the legislative process?

  • A petition must be signed by citizens
  • It should be approved by the president first
  • It needs to be placed in the designated hopper with a sponsor's signature (correct)
  • It must be passed by all senators

What happens to a bill after it is introduced in Congress?

<p>It is assigned a legislative number and referred to a committee (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase is the most intense consideration of proposed measures given?

<p>In the committee phase of the legislative process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an original bill?

<p>A bill drafted anew by a committee instead of a specific bill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of government is capable of originating bills?

<p>Only the legislative branch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When resolutions are introduced in Congress, how are bills treated?

<p>Bills are passed and sent to the president for signature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the explanatory statement in a bill if directed by the committee chair?

<p>It can be included in the bill and becomes part of the law if signed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'rule' refer to in the context of a measure being considered by the House or Senate?

<p>A resolution that outlines the details of debate for a specific bill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after a bill is referred to the full House or Senate?

<p>It may be governed by a rule detailing debate and amendments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a vote to recommit a bill to committee?

<p>To influence changes or table the measure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a bill passes one chamber of Congress?

<p>It is known as an engrossed bill. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the Senate alters the language of a measure, what must occur next?

<p>The House must reacquaint to the amended measure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During debate time for a measure, how is the time typically divided?

<p>Between proponents and opponents of the measure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a bill to be presented to the president for signature into law?

<p>Passage in both chambers in the same form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the conference committee in the legislative process?

<p>To reconcile differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may a conference committee recommend after deliberation?

<p>The originating chamber may recede from all or certain amendments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of conferees appointed by each chamber affect the conference process?

<p>The number of conferees is irrelevant in terms of influence during reconciliation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the Constitution grants the President the power to grant pardons?

<p>Article II, section 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if conferees exceed their authority during deliberation?

<p>A point of order can be raised against the conference report. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requirement must be met for the President to make treaties according to the Constitution?

<p>Two-thirds of the Senators present must concur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the President required to do to ensure laws are enforced according to the Constitution?

<p>Take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true about instructions given to conferees by each house?

<p>They are rarely implemented and generally not binding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the 'official papers' transmitted to a conference?

<p>The original bill, amendments, and various messages of transmittal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which constitutional power allows the President to nominate Supreme Court Justices?

<p>Appointments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are conference committees often referred to as the 'third chamber' of Congress?

<p>They allow for compromise between the two legislative bodies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for a bill to become law after passing both houses of Congress?

<p>The President must sign it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation do conferees face when dealing with amendments?

<p>They can only negotiate on matters of disagreement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section is the President described as the Commander in Chief of the armed forces?

<p>Article II, section 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the veto power granted to the President?

<p>To return the bill with objections to Congress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Constitution define the executive power vested in the President?

<p>It encompasses all executive authority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers is NOT granted to the President by the Constitution?

<p>Declare war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Senate play in the appointment power of the President?

<p>They provide advice and consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What powers does the President have as Commander in Chief?

<p>To command the military forces of the United States (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions require the President to seek the Senate's advice and consent?

<p>Making treaties with foreign nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation can the President NOT grant pardons?

<p>In cases of impeachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the term of the President as stated in the Constitution?

<p>Four years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the Senate to concur in the making of treaties?

<p>Two-thirds of the Senators present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a power of the President according to Article II?

<p>Declare laws unconstitutional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can the President require the opinion of principal officers of executive departments?

<p>Regarding any subject relating to their duties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role does the President NOT fulfill?

<p>Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a simple resolution in legislative processes?

<p>It is used for matters concerning only the Senate or the House. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which designation is used for resolutions affecting the House of Representatives?

<p>H.Res. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who primarily initiates federal legislation?

<p>Members of Congress and committees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after a bill is introduced in the legislative process?

<p>It must pass through the established legislative process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the president typically fulfill his duty to inform Congress?

<p>By addressing a joint session of Congress or sending written messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for a proposed bill submitted by an executive branch department to proceed?

<p>It must have the approval of the Office of Management and Budget. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document mainly outlines the president's recommendations to Congress?

<p>The State of the Union address (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the source of a bill have on its legislative prospects?

<p>It can impact how likely the bill is to be passed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Executive Power

The power and authority of the President of the United States.

Commander in Chief

The President's role as the supreme commander of the US military.

Appointments

The President's ability to select key officials.

Treaties

Formal agreements between the US and other countries that need Senate approval.

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Veto

The President's power to reject laws passed by Congress.

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Pardons

The President's power to forgive crimes.

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Presidential Term

The President serves a four-year term.

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Presidential Elections

The process for choosing the President and Vice President.

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Presidential Appointments

President nominates, Senate confirms important officials.

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Treaty Making Power

President negotiates, Senate approves treaties.

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Faithfully Executing Laws

President's duty to enforce laws.

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Presidential Pardons

President can pardon federal crimes.

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Article II, Section 2

Part of the US Constituion addressing the President's powers.

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Article II, Section 1

Part of the US Constitution, defining the executive branch.

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Article I, Section 7

Section of the constitution that deals with congressional legislation and presidential review.

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Concurrent Resolution

A resolution that requires approval from both the House and Senate, but is not sent to the president.

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Simple Resolution

A resolution that only affects one house of Congress (either House or Senate).

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Origin of Legislation

Legislation can originate from the President, a member of Congress, or a Congressional committee.

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Presidential Recommendations

The president can suggest new laws through messages or speeches to Congress.

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State of the Union Address

The president's annual address to Congress.

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Legislative Process Stage

All bills must go through the same steps in Congress, no matter who started them.

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Executive Branch Bill Submission

An executive department (with OMB approval) can propose a bill to a congressional committee.

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Bill Introduction

The start of the law-making process, where a bill is formally presented to Congress.

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Legislative Proposal

An idea for a new law that is formally presented for consideration by the government.

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Who Introduces Bills?

Only members of the Senate and House of Representatives can introduce bills.

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Bill Referral

When a bill is introduced, it's sent to the committee that deals with that specific topic.

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Committee Action

Committees carefully examine each bill, holding hearings and discussions to consider its impact.

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Original Bill

A new bill written by a committee that combines the best parts of similar bills, replacing them.

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Bill Becomes Law

When a bill is passed by both the Senate and the House and signed by the President, it becomes law.

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What is a House Report?

A document prepared by a House committee that explains the bill's purpose, provisions, and rationale. It is prefixed with 'H.Rept.' followed by a number.

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What is a Senate Report?

Similar to a House Report, it explains a bill's purpose, provisions, and rationale, but originates from a Senate committee. It is prefixed with 'S.Rept.' followed by a number.

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What is a Rule?

A resolution passed by the House or Senate that outlines the specifics of debating a bill, including time limits, amendment allowance, and other rules.

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Engrossed Bill

A bill that has passed one chamber (either the House or the Senate).

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Conference Committee

A group of members from both the House and Senate that meets to reconcile different versions of a bill passed by each chamber.

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What does it mean for a bill to be 'recommitted'?

When opponents of a bill request it to be sent back to the committee for further consideration or changes. Often an attempt to delay or alter a bill.

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What must happen for a bill to become law?

A bill must pass both the House and the Senate in the same form, then be signed by the President.

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How does a bill become part of law?

Once both the House and the Senate have passed a bill in the same form, it goes to the President. If the President signs it, the bill becomes law. If the President vetoes the bill, it can still become law if both the House and Senate override the veto with a 2/3 majority vote.

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Conference Report

A document that outlines the agreed-upon compromise between the House and Senate versions of a bill.

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Receding from Amendments

One chamber agreeing to drop or change its amendments to match the other chamber's version.

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Matters in Disagreement

The specific points where the House and Senate versions of a bill differ.

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Point of Order

A formal objection raised during the legislative process, arguing that a rule has been violated.

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House Instructions

Directives given by the House to its conferees on how to negotiate a bill.

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Full and Free Conferences

The principle that conference committees are not bound by instructions from their respective chambers.

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Third Chamber of Congress

A nickname for conference committees because they hold significant power in the lawmaking process.

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Study Notes

Legislative Proposals in Congress

  • Introduction of Proposals: Members of Congress have the authority to introduce legislative proposals, known as bills.
  • Multiple Similar Bills: If multiple similar bills are introduced, they may be combined or one may gain precedence, depending on the legislative process.
  • Entering Legislative Process: For a public bill to formally enter the legislative process, it must be introduced and assigned a number and title.
  • Bill's Journey: After introduction, a bill is referred to the appropriate committee for consideration.
  • Intense Consideration Phase: The committee phase is typically the most intense period of consideration for proposed measures.
  • Original Bill: An original bill is the initial version of a proposed law introduced by Congress.
  • Origin of Bills: The legislative branch, specifically Congress, has the power to originate bills.
  • Resolutions and Bills: Resolutions are treated similarly to bills when introduced in Congress.
  • Explanatory Statement: The explanatory statement in a bill, if directed by the committee chair, clarifies the purpose and intent of the legislation.
  • "Rule" in Context: A "rule" in the House of Representatives refers to a specific set of guidelines governing the debate and consideration of a measure.
  • Bill in Full House/Senate: A bill, after committee consideration, is referred to the full House or Senate for debate and a vote.
  • Vote to Recommit: A vote to recommit a bill to committee aims to send it back for further review or amendment.
  • Passage in One Chamber: A bill that passes one chamber of Congress is sent to the other chamber for consideration.
  • Senate Alterations: If the Senate alters the language of a bill, the House must agree to the changes or a conference committee is formed.
  • Debate Time Division: During debate time, time is typically divided equally between proponents and opponents of the measure.
  • Presidential Presentation: A bill must pass both chambers of Congress in identical form to be presented to the President for signature into law.
  • Conference Committee Role: Conference committees are formed to resolve differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill.
  • Conference Recommendations: A conference committee may propose a compromise version of the bill, or recommend that one version be adopted by both chambers.
  • Number of Conferees: The number of conferees appointed by each chamber influences the dynamics of the conference process.
  • Presidential Pardon Power: The Constitution grants the President the power to grant pardons, as outlined in Article II, Section 2.
  • Exceeding Authority: If conferees exceed their authority during deliberation, their recommendations may be rejected by one or both chambers.
  • Treaty Requirements: The Constitution requires the President to obtain the Senate's advice and consent for treaties.
  • Enforcing Laws: The President is mandated by the Constitution to ensure laws are enforced.
  • Conferee Instructions: Instructions given to conferees by each house typically guide their deliberations.
  • Conference Papers: The official papers transmitted to a conference committee include the original bill and amendments proposed by each chamber.
  • Supreme Court Nominations: The President can nominate Supreme Court Justices based on their constitutional power.
  • "Third Chamber" of Congress: Conference committees are often referred to as the "third chamber" of Congress due to their crucial role in resolving differences between the House and Senate.
  • Bill Becoming Law: For a bill to become law after passing both houses of Congress, it must be presented to the President for signature.
  • Conferee Amendment Limitations: Conferees are limited to proposing amendments within the scope of the original bill.
  • President as Commander in Chief: The Constitution describes the President as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, found in Article II, Section 2.
  • Veto Power: The President's veto power allows them to reject a bill passed by Congress, which can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both chambers.
  • Executive Power Definition: The Constitution defines the executive power vested in the President broadly, giving them significant authority over the executive branch.
  • Limited Presidential Power: The Constitution does not grant the President the power to declare war.
  • Senate's Role in Appointments: The Senate has the power to confirm or reject presidential appointments, including judges and cabinet members.
  • Commander in Chief Powers: The President, as Commander-in-Chief, has authority over the military, including directing military operations.
  • President's Advice and Consent: Actions requiring the Senate's advice and consent include treaties, appointments, and other decisions requiring legislative involvement.
  • Presidential Pardons: The President cannot grant pardons for impeached officials.
  • Presidential Term: The Constitution sets a four-year term for the President.
  • Senate Treaty Concurrence: To concur in the making of treaties, the Senate must have a two-thirds vote.
  • Presidential Powers in Article II: The power to establish post offices and post roads is not granted to the President by Article II.
  • President's Opinion Requests: The President can require the opinion of principal officers of executive departments on matters relating to their duties.
  • Presidentail Roles: The President does not serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
  • Simple Resolution Purpose: Simple resolutions are used for matters affecting only one chamber of Congress.
  • House Resolutions: Resolutions affecting the House of Representatives are designated as "H. Res."
  • Federal Legislation Initiation: Members of Congress primarily initiate federal legislation.
  • Bill Process After Introduction: After introduction, a bill is referred to a relevant committee for review.
  • Presidential Congress Report: The President typically fulfills their duty to inform Congress through their State of the Union address, recommending policies and legislation.
  • Executive Department Bills: For a proposed bill submitted by an executive branch department to proceed, it must be introduced by a member of Congress.
  • Presidential Recommendations Outline: The President's recommendations to Congress are mainly outlined in their State of the Union address.
  • Bill Source Impact: The source of a bill, whether from an executive branch department or a member of Congress, can influence its legislative prospects.

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