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Questions and Answers
What is the primary task during the Trust vs Mistrust stage of development?
What is the primary task during the Trust vs Mistrust stage of development?
Which outcome indicates a successful transition in the Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt stage?
Which outcome indicates a successful transition in the Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt stage?
What is the critical task during the Industry vs Inferiority stage?
What is the critical task during the Industry vs Inferiority stage?
Which of the following reflects the successful outcome of the Intimacy vs Isolation stage?
Which of the following reflects the successful outcome of the Intimacy vs Isolation stage?
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What is a consequence of an unsuccessful resolution during the Identity vs Role Confusion stage?
What is a consequence of an unsuccessful resolution during the Identity vs Role Confusion stage?
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What is the primary task in the Integrity vs Despair stage of development?
What is the primary task in the Integrity vs Despair stage of development?
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What indicates a sense of accomplishment in the Generativity vs Stagnation stage?
What indicates a sense of accomplishment in the Generativity vs Stagnation stage?
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Which stage of cognitive development occurs after the Sensorimotor stage according to Piaget?
Which stage of cognitive development occurs after the Sensorimotor stage according to Piaget?
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What is the primary purpose of immediate newborn care?
What is the primary purpose of immediate newborn care?
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What is the correct sequence for suctioning a newborn's airway?
What is the correct sequence for suctioning a newborn's airway?
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What should be done to prevent hypothermia in a newborn after delivery?
What should be done to prevent hypothermia in a newborn after delivery?
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How should a newborn be positioned to promote drainage of secretions?
How should a newborn be positioned to promote drainage of secretions?
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What does a healthy APGAR score indicate for a newborn?
What does a healthy APGAR score indicate for a newborn?
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What should be assessed during the neurological examination of a newborn?
What should be assessed during the neurological examination of a newborn?
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Which action is NOT part of positioning the newborn after delivery?
Which action is NOT part of positioning the newborn after delivery?
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Which of the following should be done to assess for any gross abnormalities in a newborn?
Which of the following should be done to assess for any gross abnormalities in a newborn?
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What characterizes competitive play in children?
What characterizes competitive play in children?
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Which type of play focuses primarily on a child's imagination?
Which type of play focuses primarily on a child's imagination?
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What is a key benefit of physical play for children?
What is a key benefit of physical play for children?
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How does constructive play benefit children's learning?
How does constructive play benefit children's learning?
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What behavior is typically associated with separation anxiety in infants and toddlers?
What behavior is typically associated with separation anxiety in infants and toddlers?
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What distinguishes dramatic or fantasy play from other types?
What distinguishes dramatic or fantasy play from other types?
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In the context of play, what does 'physical play' refer to?
In the context of play, what does 'physical play' refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of competitive play?
Which of the following is NOT a component of competitive play?
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What is a key characteristic of onlooker play?
What is a key characteristic of onlooker play?
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At what age does parallel play typically begin?
At what age does parallel play typically begin?
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Which type of play involves children working towards a common goal?
Which type of play involves children working towards a common goal?
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What benefits does associative play provide for children?
What benefits does associative play provide for children?
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Which type of play is characterized by children using one object to represent another?
Which type of play is characterized by children using one object to represent another?
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What social skills can children learn during cooperative play?
What social skills can children learn during cooperative play?
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What is a primary feature of parallel play?
What is a primary feature of parallel play?
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At what stage do children begin to actively engage in cooperative play?
At what stage do children begin to actively engage in cooperative play?
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What is a key characteristic of detachment in young children after prolonged separation from a parent?
What is a key characteristic of detachment in young children after prolonged separation from a parent?
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Which intervention is appropriate for addressing separation anxiety in preschoolers?
Which intervention is appropriate for addressing separation anxiety in preschoolers?
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What is a common fear experienced by school-age children in a hospital setting?
What is a common fear experienced by school-age children in a hospital setting?
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How can caregivers support a child experiencing fear in a hospital environment?
How can caregivers support a child experiencing fear in a hospital environment?
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What should be maintained to help toddlers feel secure in a new environment?
What should be maintained to help toddlers feel secure in a new environment?
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Which of the following interventions should be used for adolescents facing hospitalization?
Which of the following interventions should be used for adolescents facing hospitalization?
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What technique can help school-age children maintain a sense of control during hospitalization?
What technique can help school-age children maintain a sense of control during hospitalization?
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What should caregivers provide to preschoolers to ease their fears during hospitalization?
What should caregivers provide to preschoolers to ease their fears during hospitalization?
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What primarily motivates behavior in the first stage of moral development?
What primarily motivates behavior in the first stage of moral development?
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At what age range does the 'Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation' typically occur?
At what age range does the 'Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation' typically occur?
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What is a characteristic of solitary play in children?
What is a characteristic of solitary play in children?
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Which stage of play involves observing others without participating?
Which stage of play involves observing others without participating?
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What typically motivates behavior in the 'Law and Order Orientation' stage?
What typically motivates behavior in the 'Law and Order Orientation' stage?
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At what age does the Social Contract and Legalistic Orientation emerge?
At what age does the Social Contract and Legalistic Orientation emerge?
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Which type of play is observed in newborns aged 0 to 3 months?
Which type of play is observed in newborns aged 0 to 3 months?
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What defines the 'Universal Ethical Principles Orientation' stage?
What defines the 'Universal Ethical Principles Orientation' stage?
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Study Notes
Immediate Newborn Care
- Establish and maintain respiratory function: Ensure safe and healthy breathing
- Provide warmth and prevent hypothermia: Prevent loss of body heat
- Ensure safety from injury and infection: Prevent harm or illness
- Identify actual and potential problems: Identify any medical concerns
Suctioning, Airway, and Breathing
- Oro-pharyngeal suction: Wipe the baby's mouth with a gauze and finger after delivery
- Warm towel: Wrap the newborn in a warmed towel
- Suction mouth and nose: Gently suction mouth then nose to prevent aspiration
- Stimulate crying: Rub the baby to encourage crying
Drying the Baby
- Dry towel: Use a soft, warm towel to dry the baby
- Hypothermia: Newborns rapidly lose heat
Replacing Wet Towels
- Rapid heat loss: Wet newborns lose heat quickly
- Dry towel: Wrap in a dry towel
- Radiant warmer: Place in a radiant warmer
- Positioning: Place in the trendelenburg position
Positioning the Newborn
- Right side lying: Promote drainage and fasten gastric emptying time
- Good airway: Ensure proper positioning for airway
- Oxygen: Provide oxygen as needed
Assessing the Newborn
- One-minute Apgar: Record and re-assess at 5 minutes
- Neurological check: Check reflexes
- Vital signs: Measure weight, length, head, and chest circumference
- Physical assessment: Evaluate for defects in head, eyes, ears, chest, spine, face, nose, abdomen, and extremities
- Eye infection: Assess for eye infections
APGAR Score
- Scoring: 10/10 = 2-0-1 (activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, respiration)
Cord Care
- Clamp placement: Place ligatures 2.5-3 cm from abdomen for first and 1 cm from the first for the second
- Cord cutting: Cut the cord using blunt sterile scissor
- Cord cleaning: Clean the cord before wrapping
- Signs of infection: Assess the cord for signs of infection (erythema, edema, tenderness)
Assessment of Vital Signs
- Temperature: Rectal route
- Heart Rate (HR): 100-160 bpm after birth
- Respiratory Rate (RR): 30-60 breaths per minute
- Blood Pressure (BP): Not routinely assessed in healthy term infants
Anthropometric Measurements
- Head Circumference:
- Chest circumference:
- Abdomen Circumference
- Length:
- Weight: 2500-4000 grams
Eye Care
- Sterile water: Clean the eye lids with sterile warm water and cotton
- Ophthalmic ointment: Apply ophthalmic ointment (erythromycin)
Vitamin K Injection/Hep B
- 1mg Vitamin K: Administered via IM injection to lateral anterior thigh, into the vastus lateralis
Dressing/Wrapping
- Mummy wrap: Wrap with a warm blanket
- Stockinette cap: Cover the head with a stockinette cap
Identification
- Tagging: Identify the newborn with a tag on wrist and ankle, noting details like weight, sex, hospital no, mother's name.
Reflexes
- Moro/Startle:
- Palmar/Plantar:
- Babinski:
- Rooting:
- Sucking:
- Tonic Neck:
- Stepping:
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