Alcohol- related disorders
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Questions and Answers

Individuals who consume approximately 1 unit of alcohol daily have a higher mortality rate than non-drinkers.

False

Alcohol is estimated to cause approximately 1.8 million deaths globally each year.

True

Delirium tremens typically occurs in individuals with a short history of alcohol usage.

False

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) affects approximately 5% of people in high-income countries.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute effects of alcohol are fully understood regarding their molecular mechanisms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory blackouts after heavy drinking can indicate habitual excessive alcohol consumption.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal include confusion and _____.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol misuse has no link to neurological disorders such as peripheral neuropathy.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased neuronal membrane fluidity due to alcohol consumption affects neurotransmitter release.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low to moderate consumption of alcohol can provide significant cardiovascular protective effects.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a well-established 'safe limit' for alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women may develop alcohol-related disorders more rapidly than men due to physiological factors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal abnormalities.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only direct effects from alcohol consumption can cause liver damage, excluding diet-related factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cerebellar degeneration caused by alcohol misuse is characterized by unsteadiness of gait and posture.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol use disorder is classified under the DSM-5 criteria but not the ICD-10 criteria.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Delirium tremens lasts for 1-2 days and is a non-critical condition.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiamine deficiency in heavy drinkers can worsen the neurotoxic effects of alcohol.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Korsakov's psychosis and Wernicke's encephalopathy are types of neurological syndromes related to alcohol abuse.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'alcoholic dementia' accurately describes all cases of dementia in alcoholics.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive impairments in chronic alcohol users are solely due to direct neurotoxicity from alcohol.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality deterioration is not a consequence of alcohol dependence.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Younger heavy drinkers are not at risk for any neuropsychological impairments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heavy drinkers have a reduced risk of developing major depression compared to non-drinkers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcoholic hallucinations are primarily characterized by visual hallucinations occurring during acute alcohol withdrawal.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prognosis for patients experiencing alcoholic hallucinations can be favorable if they maintain abstinence.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heavy drinkers are less likely to face divorce compared to moderate drinkers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 30-60% of child protection cases in the UK are linked to alcohol misuse.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a direct and simple correlation between alcohol misuse and road accidents across all countries.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive drinking is only linked to minor petty crimes and does not relate to violent offenses.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests that excessive drinking may be attributed to a singular predisposition or biochemical anomaly.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dependence on alcohol affects approximately 6% of UK adults.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The annual cost of alcohol-related issues in the UK is estimated to be around £7.3 billion.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Partners of heavy drinkers are less likely to experience anxiety and social isolation than those in relationships with moderate drinkers.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alcohol Abuse

  • Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to physical damage
  • First, directly, it can cause brain and liver damage in several ways.
  • Second, often accompanied by poor diet, which may lead to deficiencies of protein and B vitamins.
  • Third, increases risk of accidents, particularly head injury.
  • Fourth, increases susceptibility to general neglect, which can lead to infection.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

  • Common issues include liver damage, gastritis, peptic ulcers, esophageal varices and acute and chronic pancreatitis.
  • Damage to the liver can result in fatty infiltration, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Symptoms of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal

  • Anxiety, agitation, insomnia
  • Tachycardia and sweating
  • Tremor of limbs, tongue, and eyelids
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Confusion and hallucinations

Social Damage

  • Excessive drinking can lead to profound social disruption, especially in the family.
  • Marital problems and family tension are virtually inevitable.
  • Divorce rates among heavy drinkers are high.
  • Partners of men who drink excessively are likely to become anxious, depressed, and socially isolated.
  • Some women who are admitted to hospital because of self-poisoning blame their partner's drinking.

Medical and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption

  • Annual costs of crime and public disorder are £7.3 billion.
  • Workplace costs are £6.4 billion.
  • Health costs are £1.7 billion.
  • Approximately one-third of all accident and emergency attendances involve alcohol.
  • Around 2.9 million (6%) of the adult population are alcohol dependent.
  • Around 47% of violence victims believe that their assailant was under the influence of alcohol.
  • Alcohol is involved in 30-60% of child protection cases.
  • Up to 1.3 million children are adversely affected by family drinking.

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