Alcohol- related disorders

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Questions and Answers

Individuals who consume approximately 1 unit of alcohol daily have a higher mortality rate than non-drinkers.

False (B)

Alcohol is estimated to cause approximately 1.8 million deaths globally each year.

True (A)

Delirium tremens typically occurs in individuals with a short history of alcohol usage.

False (B)

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) affects approximately 5% of people in high-income countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute effects of alcohol are fully understood regarding their molecular mechanisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory blackouts after heavy drinking can indicate habitual excessive alcohol consumption.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal include confusion and _____.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol misuse has no link to neurological disorders such as peripheral neuropathy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased neuronal membrane fluidity due to alcohol consumption affects neurotransmitter release.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Low to moderate consumption of alcohol can provide significant cardiovascular protective effects.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a well-established 'safe limit' for alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women may develop alcohol-related disorders more rapidly than men due to physiological factors.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal abnormalities.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only direct effects from alcohol consumption can cause liver damage, excluding diet-related factors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cerebellar degeneration caused by alcohol misuse is characterized by unsteadiness of gait and posture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol use disorder is classified under the DSM-5 criteria but not the ICD-10 criteria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Delirium tremens lasts for 1-2 days and is a non-critical condition.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiamine deficiency in heavy drinkers can worsen the neurotoxic effects of alcohol.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Korsakov's psychosis and Wernicke's encephalopathy are types of neurological syndromes related to alcohol abuse.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'alcoholic dementia' accurately describes all cases of dementia in alcoholics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive impairments in chronic alcohol users are solely due to direct neurotoxicity from alcohol.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality deterioration is not a consequence of alcohol dependence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Younger heavy drinkers are not at risk for any neuropsychological impairments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heavy drinkers have a reduced risk of developing major depression compared to non-drinkers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcoholic hallucinations are primarily characterized by visual hallucinations occurring during acute alcohol withdrawal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prognosis for patients experiencing alcoholic hallucinations can be favorable if they maintain abstinence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heavy drinkers are less likely to face divorce compared to moderate drinkers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 30-60% of child protection cases in the UK are linked to alcohol misuse.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a direct and simple correlation between alcohol misuse and road accidents across all countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive drinking is only linked to minor petty crimes and does not relate to violent offenses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests that excessive drinking may be attributed to a singular predisposition or biochemical anomaly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dependence on alcohol affects approximately 6% of UK adults.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The annual cost of alcohol-related issues in the UK is estimated to be around £7.3 billion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Partners of heavy drinkers are less likely to experience anxiety and social isolation than those in relationships with moderate drinkers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alcoholic Hallucinations

Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) that occur in people with alcoholism. The voices often insult or threaten.

Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

A mental health condition where hallucinations or delusions are attributed to the presence of a substance (in this case, alcohol).

Family Problems (Alcoholism)

Alcohol abuse significantly damages family relationships, leading to tension, conflict, and divorce.

Work Difficulties (Alcoholism)

Excessive drinking leads to decreased work performance, unemployment, and lower-grade jobs.

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Road Accidents (Alcohol)

A strong link exists between alcohol misuse and road accidents.

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Crime (Alcohol)

Excessive drinking is connected with various crimes, from petty offenses to more serious crimes like violence and fraud.

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Annual Costs (UK Alcohol)

Alcohol-related costs in the UK are substantial, encompassing crime/disorder, work costs, and healthcare costs.

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Alcohol Dependence (UK)

A substantial number of UK adults suffer from alcohol dependence.

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Alcohol and Violence (UK)

Alcohol is a common factor in violent crimes and incidents.

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Multiple Factors (Alcoholism)

Alcohol misuse arises from multiple causes, not just a single predisposition or biochemical anomaly.

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Delirium Tremens (DT)

A serious and life-threatening condition caused by alcohol withdrawal characterized by confusion, hallucinations, and agitation.

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Korsakoff's Psychosis

A chronic memory disorder resulting from brain damage, often associated with alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency.

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Wernicke's Encephalopathy

An acute brain disorder often linked to thiamine deficiency, causing confusion, vision problems, and motor difficulties.

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Alcohol Neurotoxicity

Direct harmful effects of alcohol on the brain.

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Thiamine Deficiency

Lack of thiamine, a crucial vitamin, frequently seen in heavy drinkers, worsening alcohol's effects on the brain

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Neurological Damage- Multiple Issues

Brain damage resulting from alcohol-abuse, not only directly from the alcohol, but also from head injuries, nutrient problems and vascular issues.

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Increased Suicide Risk (Alcohol)

Increased risk of suicide among alcohol abusers due to impulsivity, negative affect, and hopelessness.

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Alcohol-Related Brain Damage Spectrum

A variety of cognitive impairments caused by alcohol, arising from a complex mix of factors.

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Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms

A set of physical and mental symptoms that occur when someone who regularly drinks a lot of alcohol suddenly stops or reduces their intake.

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Physical Damage from Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use can directly harm organs like the brain and liver, and also lead to poor diet, accidents, and infections due to neglect and poor health

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Alcohol's Effect on Nervous System

Alcohol can cause nerve damage, leading to conditions like peripheral neuropathy, epilepsy, and cerebellar degeneration.

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Cardiovascular Issues with Alcohol

Alcohol misuse is linked to high blood pressure, increased stroke risk, and potentially higher or lower risks for other conditions depending on intake levels.

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Cancer Risk and Alcohol

Alcohol use can increase the risk of certain cancers such as mouth, throat, esophageal, liver and breast cancers.

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Alcohol's Impact on Women

Women tend to develop alcohol-related problems faster and experience health issues more quickly than men.

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Fetal Alcohol Effects

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects and abnormalities in the developing baby.

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Alcohol Misuse

Excessive alcohol use that causes damage and risks to health and well-being, possibly but not always, leading to dependency.

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Low alcohol consumption mortality

Individuals who consume a small amount of alcohol (approximately 1 unit daily) tend to have lower mortality rates than non-drinkers, though factors beyond alcohol use might play a role.

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Alcohol misuse mortality

High alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of death.

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Alcohol-related psychiatric disorders

Alcohol misuse can cause various mental health problems.

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Alcohol intoxication phenomena

Symptoms like mood changes, aggression, and memory loss due to alcohol's effect on the brain.

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Alcohol withdrawal phenomena

Severe symptoms like delirium tremens upon stopping alcohol use, often occurring after a long history of misuse.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A condition in a child caused by a pregnant person's heavy alcohol consumption, marked by facial abnormalities, stunted growth, and intellectual disabilities.

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Idiosyncratic Alcohol Intoxication

Unusual and harmful behavioral changes (e.g., aggression) triggered by alcohol in some individuals.

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Memory blackouts

Periods of time lost after heavy drinking, often without conscious awareness.

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Study Notes

Alcohol Abuse

  • Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to physical damage
  • First, directly, it can cause brain and liver damage in several ways.
  • Second, often accompanied by poor diet, which may lead to deficiencies of protein and B vitamins.
  • Third, increases risk of accidents, particularly head injury.
  • Fourth, increases susceptibility to general neglect, which can lead to infection.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

  • Common issues include liver damage, gastritis, peptic ulcers, esophageal varices and acute and chronic pancreatitis.
  • Damage to the liver can result in fatty infiltration, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Symptoms of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal

  • Anxiety, agitation, insomnia
  • Tachycardia and sweating
  • Tremor of limbs, tongue, and eyelids
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Seizures
  • Confusion and hallucinations

Social Damage

  • Excessive drinking can lead to profound social disruption, especially in the family.
  • Marital problems and family tension are virtually inevitable.
  • Divorce rates among heavy drinkers are high.
  • Partners of men who drink excessively are likely to become anxious, depressed, and socially isolated.
  • Some women who are admitted to hospital because of self-poisoning blame their partner's drinking.

Medical and social consequences of excessive alcohol consumption

  • Annual costs of crime and public disorder are £7.3 billion.
  • Workplace costs are £6.4 billion.
  • Health costs are £1.7 billion.
  • Approximately one-third of all accident and emergency attendances involve alcohol.
  • Around 2.9 million (6%) of the adult population are alcohol dependent.
  • Around 47% of violence victims believe that their assailant was under the influence of alcohol.
  • Alcohol is involved in 30-60% of child protection cases.
  • Up to 1.3 million children are adversely affected by family drinking.

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