Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a treatment for hyponatremia?
Which of the following is a treatment for hyponatremia?
- Increase fluid intake
- Increase sodium intake
- Restrict fluid intake (correct)
- Administer diuretics
What is the normal range for potassium (K+) concentration in the blood?
What is the normal range for potassium (K+) concentration in the blood?
- 2.0-3.5 mmol/l
- 5.0-7.0 mmol/l
- 4.5-6.0 mmol/l
- 3.5-5.0 mmol/l (correct)
Which of the following can lead to hyperkalemia?
Which of the following can lead to hyperkalemia?
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Renal failure (correct)
- Adrenal failure
What are the clinical signs of hyponatremia?
What are the clinical signs of hyponatremia?
Which of the following is a treatment for acute renal failure (ARF)?
Which of the following is a treatment for acute renal failure (ARF)?
What is the danger of rapid changes in potassium concentration in the blood?
What is the danger of rapid changes in potassium concentration in the blood?
What is the primary determinant of the resting potential of cells?
What is the primary determinant of the resting potential of cells?
Which of the following can cause hypokalemia?
Which of the following can cause hypokalemia?
What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) concentration in the blood?
What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) concentration in the blood?
Which of the following is a cause of hyponatremia?
Which of the following is a cause of hyponatremia?
Which of the following is true about urea and creatinine?
Which of the following is true about urea and creatinine?
What happens to serum urea and creatinine if the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the kidney is reduced?
What happens to serum urea and creatinine if the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the kidney is reduced?
Which hormone causes reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts?
Which hormone causes reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts?
Which hormone causes reabsorption of sodium in the nephron and, consequently, water?
Which hormone causes reabsorption of sodium in the nephron and, consequently, water?
What is the major site of sodium loss in non-renal associated disease?
What is the major site of sodium loss in non-renal associated disease?
What is the normal range for sodium levels in the body?
What is the normal range for sodium levels in the body?
What are the clinical signs of hypernatraemia (Na > 145mmol/l)?
What are the clinical signs of hypernatraemia (Na > 145mmol/l)?
What is the treatment for hypernatraemia?
What is the treatment for hypernatraemia?
What are the clinical signs of hyponatraemia via water retention (Na < 135 mmol/l)?
What are the clinical signs of hyponatraemia via water retention (Na < 135 mmol/l)?
What is the treatment for hyponatraemia via water retention?
What is the treatment for hyponatraemia via water retention?
True or false: Too much water reabsorbed by the kidney can lead to edema.
True or false: Too much water reabsorbed by the kidney can lead to edema.
True or false: Hyponatremia is defined as a sodium level below 135 mmol/l.
True or false: Hyponatremia is defined as a sodium level below 135 mmol/l.
True or false: Potassium concentration alterations can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias.
True or false: Potassium concentration alterations can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias.
True or false: Hyperkalemia is defined as a potassium level above 4.9 mmol/l.
True or false: Hyperkalemia is defined as a potassium level above 4.9 mmol/l.
True or false: Acute renal failure can be characterized by anuria or oliguria.
True or false: Acute renal failure can be characterized by anuria or oliguria.
True or false: Urea and electrolytes (‘U and Es’) are used to test a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance and renal function.
True or false: Urea and electrolytes (‘U and Es’) are used to test a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance and renal function.
True or false: The kidney regulates extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte balance.
True or false: The kidney regulates extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte balance.
True or false: Serum urea and creatinine increase if the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the kidney is reduced.
True or false: Serum urea and creatinine increase if the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the kidney is reduced.
True or false: Sodium (Na) intake is balanced by loss mainly in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) in non-renal associated disease.
True or false: Sodium (Na) intake is balanced by loss mainly in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) in non-renal associated disease.
True or false: Hyponatremia can be caused by water retention and is treated with diuretics and fluid restriction.
True or false: Hyponatremia can be caused by water retention and is treated with diuretics and fluid restriction.
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