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Questions and Answers
What bacteria causes typhoid?
What bacteria causes typhoid?
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella typhi (correct)
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Vibrio cholerae
How is typhoid primarily spread?
How is typhoid primarily spread?
- Through contaminated food and water (correct)
- By mosquito bites
- By touching contaminated surfaces
- Through the air
What symptom is more common in children with typhoid than adults?
What symptom is more common in children with typhoid than adults?
- High fever
- Constipation followed by diarrhea
- Diarrhea right away (correct)
- Sore throat and headache
What percentage of people with typhoid die if treated with antibiotics?
What percentage of people with typhoid die if treated with antibiotics?
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What is a distinguishing symptom of typhoid?
What is a distinguishing symptom of typhoid?
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Why is it important to give typhoid patients small high-calorie meals?
Why is it important to give typhoid patients small high-calorie meals?
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Study Notes
Typhoid
- Typhoid is a disease that only affects humans and is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
- The bacteria are spread through the faeces and urine of infected people.
- Contaminated food and water are the primary sources of transmission.
Symptoms
- Symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria and can last for years.
- The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe.
- Common symptoms include:
- High fever (39-40°C)
- Painful abdomen
- Sore throat and headache
- Constipation or diarrhea (adults: constipation first, then diarrhea; children: diarrhea immediately)
- Rose-coloured spots on the lower chest and abdomen
- Enlarged spleen and liver
- Delirium, weakness, exhaustion, and potentially death
Control and Prevention
- Typhoid is a bacterial disease, and antibiotics are an effective treatment.
- The fatality rate is less than 1%.
- Antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria are emerging, making it essential to manage typhoid patients effectively.
- Treatment involves:
- Replacing lost fluids
- Providing small, high-calorie meals to replenish minerals and energy
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