Types of Texts and Language Varieties

The linguistic features typical of a text variety, related to the situation in which it's used.

The conventional structures and features used to build a complete text within a variety, like a beginning and ending.

Linguistic features that reflect aesthetic preferences, author styles, or historical periods.

Different types of texts used in daily life, like emails, social media posts, or lectures.

A field of linguistics that focuses on teaching English skills relevant for academic settings and genres.

A dedicated area in linguistics that focuses on the language used in specific professions or academic disciplines.

The process of analyzing text varieties to understand the linguistic features and characteristics that make them unique.

The importance of knowing the linguistic features typical of a given field or purpose.

A linguistic strategy used to soften a statement and avoid making a strong claim. It allows for uncertainty and leaves room for interpretation by the audience.

A linguistic strategy used to show politeness and consideration for the audience's feelings and beliefs. It acknowledges the possibility of disagreement and avoids imposing the writer's view.

Words or phrases that express uncertainty or lack of commitment. They highlight possibilities and minimize absolutes.

Words like 'should', 'might', 'could', used to indicate possibility or suggestion, not absolute certainty.

Words like 'suggest', 'believe', 'think', used to present an opinion or belief as plausible, rather than a definitive fact.

Words like 'likely', 'possibly', 'potentially', used to express probability or chance, leaving room for alternative outcomes.

The amount of hedging used may vary across cultures, reflecting different communication styles and perceptions of directness.

Research suggests that gender can also influence the use of hedging, with possible differences observed between men and women.

Guidelines and practices established within a genre that influence how ideas are written, communicated, and understood.

The process of making explicit the conventions of a genre, which helps newcomers learn and also enables questioning the established practices.

A shift in the ways annual reports are structured and presented, driven by increased emphasis on transparency, sustainability, and social impact.

Corporate reports that integrate financial performance with social and environmental reporting, reflecting a broader understanding of ‘performance’.

A voluntary written statement from the company executives addressed to the shareholders, typically placed as an introduction to the annual report.

The main content of the letter to shareholders which covers the company’s overall performance, including financial results, strategic plans, and significant developments.

A section in the letter to shareholders that focuses on the company's values, sustainability efforts, and stakeholder engagement, demonstrating its commitment to social and environmental responsibility.

The evolution of annual reports reflects changes in business communication and increased stakeholder expectations for more comprehensive information about a company's performance and impact.

The EU's communication often highlights the benefits and rights that EU citizens enjoy thanks to EU legislation, presenting the EU in a positive light.

The EU's communications focus on the active role it plays in protecting consumers. It outlines the rights consumers have and how EU legislation safeguards them.

The EU's communication often talks about how EU legislation confronts threats and difficulties faced by consumers.

The EU's communication frequently uses positive words and phrases to describe the impact of its actions on consumers, highlighting the positive outcomes.

The EU's communication often uses the personal pronoun 'you' to directly address consumers and emphasize the benefits they receive from EU legislation.

The EU's communication consistently emphasizes the active role it plays in protecting consumers, highlighting its commitment to consumer rights.

The EU's communication strategies aim to build a relationship of trust between the EU institutions and its citizens.

The EU's communication highlights the potential harm consumers face while simultaneously showcasing the positive benefits they enjoy thanks to EU legislation.

The process of reusing content from a press release, often adapting it to fit a different format or medium.

A type of professional writing used to announce news or promote a product or service to the media.

The measure of how widely a press release is adopted by media outlets, indicating how much attention it receives.

A corporate website section dedicated to attracting and recruiting potential employees.

A short and memorable phrase that captures the essence of a company or its career opportunities, typically used at the beginning or end of a website page.

A website feature that uses images and concise text to highlight key information, often linking to further details.

A website feature that presents short snippets of text, designed to pique reader curiosity and encourage further exploration.

A website feature that displays updates and news items, allowing visitors to access full details by clicking on the headline or title.

Involves simplifying ideas from complex texts and making them accessible to the general public using explanations, examples, and metaphors.

Adapting a text to fit a specific context, such as a type of media or a target audience. It helps ensure the information is relevant and engaging.

An organization's self-promotion within its own publications to convey a positive image and highlight its achievements.

Various tools and methods used to spread and make EU legislation accessible to the public. Examples include websites, apps, videos, infographics, and brochures.

Used to refer to both the EU institutions (e.g., European Commission) and the EU territory (e.g., member states).

Often used to modify nouns in phrases like 'EU rules,' 'EU legislation,' or 'EU consumer.' It highlights the EU's involvement and impact on various aspects.

Commonly used to describe the actions taken by EU institutions regarding consumer protection, highlighting their role.

Brochures often use acronyms (EU, ECC, BTSF), personal pronouns (it, they, you), and direct references to the EU and consumers to simplify and personalize the information.