Types of Test Norms and Assessment Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is one way to provide alternative assessment for people with disabilities?

Changing the language of the test

Increasing the difficulty of the test

Modifying the form of the test (correct)

Giving additional time for the test

What should be considered when accommodating tests for individuals with disabilities?

Color of the test paper

Size of the test font

Temperature of the testing room

Capabilities of the test taker (correct)

Why is it important to evaluate the purpose of the assessment when modifying assessment tools?

To make the assessment visually appealing

To increase the length of the assessment

To change the assessment venue

To ensure that the assessment tool is appropriate for its original purpose (correct)

What can help an assessor deal with questionable scores from modified tests?

Professional judgment and expertise Signup and view all the answers

How can case history, medical data, and information from family and friends help in accommodating tests for individuals with disabilities?

By providing a clear picture of what alternative assessment can be used Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scale involves classification but permits ranking?

Ordinal scale Signup and view all the answers

In which scale are all categories mutually exclusive and exhaustive?

Nominal scale Signup and view all the answers

Which scale has equal intervals between scores but no true 0 point?

Interval scale Signup and view all the answers

What type of scale has a true 0 point and allows for meaningful ratios?

Ratio scale Signup and view all the answers

A scale where the difference between IQ scores of 80 and 100 is equivalent to the difference between IQ scores of 100 and 120 is:

Interval scale Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scale theoretically allows for a score of 0, although practically it may not be attainable?

Ratio scale Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption about tests and measurement techniques according to the text?

Testing and assessment have no benefit to society Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of establishing norms for a test according to the text?

To provide a reference for evaluating or interpreting individual test scores Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method is NOT mentioned in the text as being used in establishing norms?

Systematic sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of norm?

Percentiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the key assumption about tests and measurement techniques mentioned in the text that states they should be used appropriately?

Testing and Assessment Can Be Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can contribute to the performance and results of a test taker?

The test user's own abilities Signup and view all the answers

What do grade norms indicate?

The average test performance of students in a given school grade Signup and view all the answers

Which type of norms are derived from a sample representative of the national population?

National norms Signup and view all the answers

In criterion-referenced testing and assessment, what is the focus?

Evaluating an individual's performance against a predetermined standard or mastery level Signup and view all the answers

Which method of measuring reliability involves administering the same test to the same individuals on two different occasions and correlating the scores?

Test-retest reliability Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'construct validity' refer to in the context of test validity?

The association of the test with an underlying theory or construct Signup and view all the answers

If a test has a high reliability coefficient, what does it indicate?

The test is producing consistent results when administered repeatedly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of psychological assessment?

To gather and interpret psychology-related data for psychological evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate situation for psychological testing?

Both (a) and (b) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between psychological assessment and psychological testing?

Psychological assessment is a broader process of gathering and interpreting data, while psychological testing is the specific process of measuring psychology-related variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of dynamic psychological assessment?

It involves an interactive and changing/varying approach to assessment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between psychological assessment and intervention according to the information provided?

Psychological assessment leads to intervention, which then leads to further assessment. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1945 in the history of psychological assessment in the Philippines?

The first female psychologist in the Philippines was recognized. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Norms

Grade norms: indicate the average test performance of test takers in a given school grade
National norms: derived from a normative sample that is nationally representative of the population
Local norms: norms that are representative of the local population's performance on a test

Types of Reliability

Test-retest reliability: same test is given to the same people on two different occasions; scores are correlated
Split-half reliability: individuals take the test and then the items are divided into two equivalent halves, which are then separately scored
Alternate forms reliability: two versions of the test are constructed, and given to the same people on two occasions

Criteria for Evidence of Validity

Construct validity: association of the test with an underlying theory

Accommodating Tests

Modifying the form of the test to suit the examinee
Alternative ways to obtain responses to the test
Modifying the venue/physical environment
4 variables to be considered when accommodating tests: capabilities of the test taker, purpose of the assessment, meaning attached to test scores, and nominal scale

Types of Scales

Nominal scale: simplest form of measurement; involves classification/categorization based on 1 or more distinguishing characteristics
Ordinal scale: involves classification but permits ranking; has no absolute 0 point
Interval scale: contains equal interval of scores; each unit on the scale is exactly equal to any other unit on the scale; has no absolute 0 point
Ratio scale: has all the characteristics of the first 3 scales and has a true 0 point

Assumptions

Assumption 4: Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses
Assumption 5: Various Sources of Errors are Part of the Assessment Process
Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment Can Be Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner
Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

Norms

Norm: test performance data of a particular group of test takers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores
Sampling methods used in norms: stratified sampling, stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, convenience sampling
Types of norms: percentiles, age norms

Psychological Assessment

Psychological assessment: gathering and interpretation of psychology-related data; its purpose is to make psychological evaluation of an individual
Is accomplished using different tools, such as tests, interviews, case studies, and observations
Is appropriate in situations, such as assessing criminals' current state, analysis of an individual suspected of "hearing voices," etc.

Approaches to Assessment

Psychological collaborative assessment: entails that the assessor and assessee may work together as "partners" from initial contact through final feedback
Therapeutic psychological assessment: a variation of the collaborative assessment, which includes an element of therapy
Dynamic psychological assessment: involves an interactive and changing/varying approach of assessment

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Description

Explore different types of test norms including grade norms, national norms, and local norms. Learn about norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing and assessment methods.