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Questions and Answers
Which type of parasite cannot exist without a host?
Which type of parasite cannot exist without a host?
- Wuchereria bancrofti (correct)
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Trichuris trichiura
Which parasite is an example of an accidental/incidental parasite?
Which parasite is an example of an accidental/incidental parasite?
- Trichuris trichiura
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Echinococcus granulosus (correct)
Which parasite lives between the cells in the tissues of the host?
Which parasite lives between the cells in the tissues of the host?
- Entamoeba histolytica (correct)
- Plasmodium species
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichiura
Which parasite is completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle?
Which parasite is completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle?
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Which parasite can either live as a parasitic form or free-living form?
Which parasite can either live as a parasitic form or free-living form?
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Which parasite lives within the cavities of the host’s body?
Which parasite lives within the cavities of the host’s body?
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Which parasite usually infects canines but can infect humans if accidentally ingested?
Which parasite usually infects canines but can infect humans if accidentally ingested?
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Study Notes
Medical Helminthology
- Studies biological features and geographic distribution of parasitic worms (helminthes)
- Examples of helminthes: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura
- Involves the study of the course of helminthic invasions, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and control of helminthic diseases
Medical Protozoology
- Deals with parasites of unicellular origin
- Protozoans are motile and can be found in watery stool
- Protozoans can invade tissues and cells, but are not worms
- They have flagella, cilia, and propellers
- Four groups of protozoans based on mode of movement:
- Sarcodina: uses pseudopods (e.g. Amoebas like Entamoeba histolytica)
- Mastigophora: uses flagella (e.g. Giardia lamblia)
- Ciliophora: uses cilia (e.g. Balantidium coli)
- Sporozoa: non-motile at adult stage (e.g. Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium which causes malaria)
Importance of Diagnostic Parasitology Testing
- Reasons for testing: travel, population movements, control issues, climate change, epidemiologic considerations, compromised patients, potential sex bias regarding infection susceptibility, and aging
Biological Relationships
- Symbiotic relationships: organisms develop unique relationships due to their habitual and long associations with one another
- Symbiosis: living together of unlike organisms
- Symbionts: organisms living together, often with one living in or on the body of the other
- Types of symbionts:
- Ectosymbionts: attached to the outside of the host
- Phoresis: two symbiotes traveling together, with no physiological or biochemical dependence
- Endosymbionts: inside or within the body of the host
Types of Symbiotic Relationships
- Facultative Commensalism: partners do not necessarily require one another to survive and reproduce
- Obligate Commensalism: at least one of the partners cannot complete its life cycle on its own
- Parasitism: one organism benefits at the expense of the host, which can be a human or an animal
Parasites
- Types of parasites:
- Ectoparasites: inhabit only the body surface of the host without penetrating the tissue (e.g. head lice, ticks, and mites)
- Endoparasites: lives within the body of the host and causes an infection (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica)
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