Types of Spelling and Spelling Rules

Types of Spellings

• Phonetic Spelling: Words spelled as they sound, e.g., cat, dog
• Syllabic Spelling: Words divided into syllables to aid pronunciation, e.g., un-be-lievable
• Etymological Spelling: Words spelled according to their origin and history, e.g., knight (from Old English cnicht)
• Irregular Spelling: Words that don't follow phonetic or syllabic patterns, e.g.,ough in tough, cough, and through

Spelling Rules

• Double Consonant Rule: When adding a suffix to a word ending in a single consonant, double the consonant if the preceding vowel is short, e.g., run → running
• Drop the 'e' Rule: When adding a suffix to a word ending in a silent 'e', drop the 'e' if the suffix begins with a vowel, e.g., love → loving
• Change 'y' to 'i' Rule: When adding a suffix to a word ending in 'y', change the 'y' to 'i' if the suffix begins with a vowel, e.g., city → cities

Common Spelling Patterns

• Prefixes: Letters or groups of letters added to the beginning of a word, e.g., un-, re-, anti-
• Suffixes: Letters or groups of letters added to the end of a word, e.g., -ly, -ful, -ment
• Word Families: Groups of words with the same root or prefix, e.g., run, runner, running

Types of Spellings

• Phonetic spelling represents words as they sound, e.g., cat, dog
• Syllabic spelling divides words into syllables to aid pronunciation, e.g., un-be-lievable
• Etymological spelling reflects the origin and history of words, e.g., knight (from Old English cnicht)
• Irregular spelling does not follow phonetic or syllabic patterns, e.g.,ough in tough, cough, and through

Spelling Rules

• Double consonant rule: double the consonant when adding a suffix to a word ending in a single consonant, if the preceding vowel is short (e.g., run → running)
• Drop the 'e' rule: drop the silent 'e' when adding a suffix to a word ending in a silent 'e', if the suffix begins with a vowel (e.g., love → loving)
• Change 'y' to 'i' rule: change the 'y' to 'i' when adding a suffix to a word ending in 'y', if the suffix begins with a vowel (e.g., city → cities)

Common Spelling Patterns

• Prefixes: added to the beginning of a word, e.g., un-, re-, anti-
• Suffixes: added to the end of a word, e.g., -ly, -ful, -ment
• Word families: groups of words with the same root or prefix, e.g., run, runner, running