Chemistry in Daily Life

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What is the primary purpose of adding glycerol to shaving soap?

To enhance its medicinal properties

To increase its cleansing power

To prevent rapid drying (correct)

To improve its ability to form sodium rosinate

What is the characteristic of anionic detergents?

They do not contain any ion

They possess a negative charge on the sulfur atom (correct)

They have a highly branched hydrocarbon chain

They possess a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on the nitrogen atom

What is the difference between soaps and synthetic detergents?

Soaps are more effective in soft water

Soaps are more effective in cold water

Synthetic detergents are more effective in hard water

Synthetic detergents do not contain any soap (correct)

What is the purpose of adding rosin gum to shaving soap?

To improve its ability to form sodium rosinate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of non-ionic detergents?

They do not contain any ion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between laundry soap and other types of soap?

Laundry soap contains fillers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes drugs from medicines?

Therapeutic biological response Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of classification of drugs that is useful for doctors in treating a particular problem?

Pharmacological effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature among drugs that inhibit the action of histamine?

Common chemical structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of converting fats into soaps and detergents?

Saponification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of food preservatives?

To prevent the spoilage of food due to microbial growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of drugs based on their action?

Artificial sweeteners Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the molecules that drugs interact with to produce a biological response?

Biomolecules Signup and view all the answers

Which artificial sweetener is stable at cooking temperatures?

Sucralose Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the saponification reaction?

Glycerol Signup and view all the answers

What type of soap is prepared using better grades of fats and oils?

Toilet Soap Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sucralose?

It adds calories to food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary constituent of soaps?

Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulphonamides?

Disruption of microorganism growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interaction between a drug and its molecular target, resulting in a biological response?

Pharmacological effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antihistamines such as Brompheniramine?

Competitively inhibiting the action of histamine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurologically active drugs is used to treat depression and hypertension?

Phenelzine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pharmacological effect of a drug?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of barbiturates, a type of neurologically active drugs?

They are hypnotic and sleep-producing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a drug that is classified based on its pharmacological effect?

Therapeutic usefulness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of narcotic drugs such as Morphine?

Reducing pain and producing sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antihistamines?

Competitive inhibition of histamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the classification of drugs based on their molecular targets?

Molecular target classification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of antimicrobial drugs, such as Antibiotic Drugs?

They are used to treat infections with low toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurologically active drugs is a mild tranquilizer for reducing tension?

Equanil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antacids like NaHCO3?

Neutralization of excess acid in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

How do antihistamines like Cimetidine (Tegamet) exert their pharmacological action?

By blocking the action of histamine on receptors in the stomach wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of excessive hydrogen carbonate on stomach acid production?

It increases the production of pepsin and HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histamine receptors in the stomach wall?

They stimulate the production of pepsin and HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antifertility drugs?

Not specified in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of histamine in the body?

Relaxing muscles and acting as a potent vasodilator Signup and view all the answers