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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a cause of dissociative shock?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of dissociative shock?
What is a key sign that may indicate a near-fatal stage of shock?
What is a key sign that may indicate a near-fatal stage of shock?
Which group of patients may not exhibit abnormal vital signs despite significant blood loss?
Which group of patients may not exhibit abnormal vital signs despite significant blood loss?
What is the recommended position for a conscious patient experiencing shock?
What is the recommended position for a conscious patient experiencing shock?
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Which of the following should NOT be done when managing a patient in shock?
Which of the following should NOT be done when managing a patient in shock?
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In shock management, what should be assessed regarding time-critical status?
In shock management, what should be assessed regarding time-critical status?
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What should be avoided when managing a patient in shock?
What should be avoided when managing a patient in shock?
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Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with shock?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with shock?
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What characterizes hypovolaemic shock?
What characterizes hypovolaemic shock?
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Which type of shock is mainly associated with severe burns?
Which type of shock is mainly associated with severe burns?
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Which condition is least likely to cause distributive shock?
Which condition is least likely to cause distributive shock?
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What is a primary cause of cardiogenic shock?
What is a primary cause of cardiogenic shock?
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Which of the following is a common cause of obstructive shock?
Which of the following is a common cause of obstructive shock?
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Dissociative shock is primarily caused by:
Dissociative shock is primarily caused by:
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Which type of shock involves 'leaky' blood vessels allowing fluid to move into surrounding tissues?
Which type of shock involves 'leaky' blood vessels allowing fluid to move into surrounding tissues?
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What is a potential outcome of severe diarrhea and vomiting concerning shock?
What is a potential outcome of severe diarrhea and vomiting concerning shock?
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Study Notes
Types of Shock
- Five main types of shock: Hypovolaemic, Distributive, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, and Dissociative.
Hypovolaemic Shock
- Occurs due to acute loss of circulating blood volume.
- Common causes include:
- Severe haemorrhage (internal or external).
- Extensive burns leading to serum loss.
- Severe diarrhoea and vomiting, resulting in loss of water and electrolytes.
Distributive Shock
- Characterized by widespread dilation of the peripheral vascular system, creating a larger container for the same blood volume.
- Causes leaky blood vessels in conditions such as sepsis and anaphylaxis, allowing fluid to shift into interstitial spaces.
- Common causes include:
- Anaphylaxis.
- Sepsis.
- Spinal cord injury.
Cardiogenic Shock
- Results from the heart's inability to provide enough blood to meet metabolic needs.
- Commonly follows myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, or arrhythmia.
Obstructive Shock
- An uncommon type caused by blockages in blood flow to/from the heart.
- Common causes include:
- Tension pneumothorax.
- Cardiac tamponade.
- Pulmonary embolism.
Dissociative Shock
- Occurs when the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is compromised, often due to a low number of red blood cells or the presence of competing molecules.
- Causes include:
- Anaemia.
- Carbon monoxide poisoning.
Signs & Symptoms of Shock
- Tachycardia (increased pulse rate).
- Tachypnoea (increased respiratory rate or depth).
- Abnormal behavior, including agitation or confusion.
- Dizziness or faintness.
- Pale, cold extremities and delayed capillary refill.
- Signs of distress include sweating, dilated pupils, and thirst.
- Stage 4 indicates near-fatal state with reduced level of consciousness (LOC) and bradycardia.
Patient Variability in Shock Signs
- Some patients may not show abnormal vital signs until significant blood volume is lost (1,000ml-1,500ml).
- Groups at risk include young, athletic, healthy individuals, pregnant patients, and those on beta-blocker medication.
Management of Shock
- Use the acronym RABCD to manage shock:
- Assess for time-critical factors.
- Administer high-percentage oxygen.
- Position conscious patients flat with head and shoulders slightly raised; consider raising lower limbs.
- If unconscious, place in a stable side position.
- Treat other injuries and control bleeding.
- Avoid overheating or excessive cooling of the patient.
- Handle gently and provide constant reassurance and monitoring of vital signs (pulse, LOC, respiration).
- Keep the patient nil by mouth due to potential need for anaesthetic.
- Ensure timely transfer to appropriate medical facility and consider paramedic or medical assistance.
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Description
This quiz covers the five main types of shock: Hypovolaemic, Distributive, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, and Dissociative. Each type is explored in detail with a focus on causes, mechanisms, and clinical significance. Test your understanding of these critical medical conditions.
