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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of rocks found on Earth? (Select all that apply)
How are igneous rocks formed?
By melting, cooling, and crystallization of other rocks.
Igneous rocks are formed at plate boundaries or mantle hot spots.
True
What texture classification does NOT apply to igneous rocks?
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What indicates slower cooling in igneous rocks?
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Which of the following are common types of igneous rocks? (Select all that apply)
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How do sedimentary rocks form?
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Sedimentary rocks can form from chemical processes.
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What are the two groups that sedimentary rocks are classified into?
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Which type of rock is formed by heat and pressure?
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Where do metamorphic rocks typically form?
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Study Notes
Types of Rocks
- Three primary types of rocks on Earth: Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic.
- Understanding these rock types helps reveal Earth's geological history.
Igneous Rocks
- Formed through melting, cooling, and crystallization of other rocks.
- Commonly found along plate boundaries and mantle hot spots.
- Classified by texture: Glassy, Aphanitic, Phaneritic, and Porphyritic.
- Crystal size indicates cooling history: larger crystals suggest slower cooling; glassy forms result from rapid cooling.
Igneous Rock Classifications
- Dark Igneous Rocks: Derived from basaltic or mafic magma, around 1000°C, viscous like ketchup.
- Light Igneous Rocks: Formed from silicic or felsic magmas, cooler (below 850°C), viscous like peanut butter.
- Common examples: Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt, Granite, Diorite, Gabbro.
Sedimentary Rocks
- Created by weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of existing rocks.
- Formed in environments like deltas, beaches, rivers, glaciers, sand dunes, shallow seas, and deep oceans.
- Two main classifications: Clastic Rocks and Chemically Formed Rocks.
Clastic Rocks
- Composed of weathered rock pieces, classified by grain size:
- Mudrock (very small particles)
- Sandstone (medium-sized particles)
- Conglomerate (large particles)
Chemically Formed Rocks
- Include biochemical rocks (from living organisms) and chemical precipitates (from lakes or shallow seas).
- Characterized by structures such as stratification, cross bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, mud cracks, and fossils.
- Common examples: Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Gypsum, Oolites, Chert.
Metamorphic Rocks
- Result from heat and pressure transforming existing rocks into new forms.
- Form near lava intrusions, at plate subduction zones, and in deep mountain regions.
- Contact metamorphism occurs when small areas of rock are heated by nearby lava.
- Regional metamorphism involves larger areas affected by increased heat and pressure at tectonic plate boundaries.
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Description
Explore the three main types of rocks found on Earth: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. This quiz will test your knowledge of their formation, characteristics, and significance in understanding Earth's geological history.
