18 Questions
Which family of retrotransposable elements is known for its high copy number in the human genome?
Alu family
What is the characteristic feature of microsatellite DNA?
Has highly variable array size and copy number
What is a characteristic feature of LINEs (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements) in mammals?
They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II
Which statement about transposable elements (TEs) is true?
TEs are highly mobile and can move repeatedly through the genome
Which term is used to describe transposable elements that do not have the ability to transpose themselves?
Non-autonomous elements
What type of repeats are typically found in microsatellite DNA?
Tandem repeats
In maize, what term is used to describe controlling elements identified by Barbara McClintock?
Ac/Ds transposition
Which genetic element is known for causing many mutations with major phenotypic effects?
Ac/Ds transposons
What is the function of reverse transcriptase and/or integrase in retrotransposable elements?
Integration of the element into the genome
What is the characteristic length of transposable elements (TEs)?
2.7 kb
Which term describes short sequences distributed widely in the genome, such as LINEs and SINEs?
Interspersed repeats
Where are microsatellite DNA sequences typically found in the genome?
Euchromatin
What is the mechanism of non-replicative transposition?
Cut and paste
How did Barbara McClintock contribute to the study of transposable genetic elements?
She identified transposons as responsible for mutational changes
What can transposable elements cause in the genome rearrangement process?
Chromosomal breakages
What did the discovery of Ds and Ac transposable elements suggest about their position on chromosomes?
They could physically shift positions within the same chromosome or between chromosomes
What is the main difference between non-replicative and replicative transposition?
Non-replicative involves moving DNA without replicating, while replicative involves DNA replication
What role do transposons play as a substrate for cellular recombination?
They provide sites for reciprocal recombination leading to genomic rearrangements
Test your knowledge on the classification of retroposons, including the common types, viral and nonviral superfamilies, and characteristics like termini, reading frames, and introns.
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