Questions and Answers
What is applied research?
What is a priori prediction?
A prediction made about the outcome of a study before data are collected.
What defines basic research?
What is a conceptual definition?
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What does correlational research examine?
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What is deduction in research?
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What is the purpose of descriptive research?
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What is empirical generalization?
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What does empiricism emphasize?
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What is evaluation research?
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What is experimental research designed to test?
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What is falsifiability?
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What does the file-drawer problem refer to?
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What is a hypothesis?
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What is induction in research?
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What does methodological pluralism mean?
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What is a model in research?
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What does a null finding indicate?
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What is an operational definition?
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What is a post hoc explanation?
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What is pseudoscience?
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What does public verification mean?
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What is quasi-experimental research?
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What is the strategy of strong inference?
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What is a theory in research?
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What are descriptive statistics?
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What does effect size measure?
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What is error variance?
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What are inferential statistics?
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Study Notes
Research Types and Definitions
- Applied research: Focuses on solving real-world problems and enhancing quality of life.
- Basic research: Aims to understand psychological processes without immediate application to real-world issues.
- Correlational research: Examines relationships between two measured variables.
- Descriptive research: Systematically describes participants' behaviors, thoughts, or feelings.
- Experimental research: Investigates causal relationships by manipulating independent variables and assigning participants to conditions.
- Quasi-experimental research: Involves situations where researchers cannot assign conditions or manipulate variables.
Research Principles and Concepts
- a priori prediction: A forecast about study outcomes made prior to data collection.
- Empiricism: Emphasizes observation as the source of knowledge.
- Falsifiability: Ensures hypotheses can be proven false; a key criterion for scientific investigation.
- Null finding: Occurs when a study fails to reveal a statistically significant effect.
Reasoning and Methodologies
- Deduction: Reasoning from a general proposition to its specific implications.
- Induction: Infers general propositions from specific instances.
- Methodological pluralism: Uses diverse research methodologies to tackle a research question.
Statistical Concepts and Analysis
- Descriptive statistics: Summarize participant behavior through metrics like mean and standard deviation.
- Inferential statistics: Allow conclusions about the data’s reliability and generalizability.
- Effect size: Measures the strength of relationships among variables, often as a proportion of explained variance.
- Error variance: Represents variability in data that is not explained by the studied variables.
Research Evaluation and Publication
- Evaluation research: Assesses program effects on behaviors through behavioral research methods.
- File-drawer problem: Suggests that unpublished studies with null findings can bias perceptions of effect size support.
- Public verification: Ensures research is observable and replicable, contributing to scientific integrity.
Definitions and Theoretical Constructs
- Hypothesis: A logical proposition predicting the outcome of a study based on theory.
- Operational definition: Details how constructs are specifically measured or manipulated in a study.
- Post hoc explanation: Provides explanations for findings after data analysis.
- Pseudoscience: Claims that mimic scientific rigor but lack essential scientific criteria.
- Theory: A framework of propositions explaining relationships among concepts.
- Model: Represents explanations of processes within research contexts.
- Empirical generalization: Develops hypotheses based on previous study outcomes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of research, including applied, basic, and experimental research. This quiz also covers important research principles like empiricism and falsifiability, providing a comprehensive overview of research methods and metrics.