Types of Psychotherapy Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of psychoanalysis?

To bring repressed conflicts to the conscious mind (correct)

To promote behavioral change through reinforcement

To provide immediate solutions for current problems

To enhance the patient's self-esteem and motivation

Which method in psychoanalysis involves the patient expressing thoughts without censorship?

Free Association (correct)

Transference

Resistance

Interpretation

What does the eclectic approach to psychotherapy emphasize?

Focusing primarily on behavioral techniques

Using the same therapy for all patients

Employing only psychoanalytic techniques

Utilizing various techniques based on individual needs (correct)

In the psychodynamic approach, what is emphasized less compared to Freudian theory?

Unresolved childhood conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of psychotherapy mentioned?

Developmental Signup and view all the answers

What role does interpretation play in psychoanalysis?

It involves the analyst identifying meanings behind behaviors and dreams Signup and view all the answers

In nondirective therapy, how does the therapist interact with the client?

Listens without directing or interpreting Signup and view all the answers

What is transference in psychoanalysis?

The projection of past emotions onto the therapist Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of antipsychotic drugs in treating schizophrenia?

They block the activity of dopamine. Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic drug is known for causing potential damage to white blood cells?

Clozaril Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of Thorazine?

Permanent muscle tremors Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders?

Anti-anxiety drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with anti-anxiety drugs when mixed with alcohol?

Dependence and potential death Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) primarily influence?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

To alleviate major depression Signup and view all the answers

What procedural technique did lobotomies replace in treating emotional disturbances?

Insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of behavior therapy?

To eliminate unwanted behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used in systematic desensitization?

Establishing a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Active listening includes which of the following techniques?

Reflecting feelings Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of cognitive therapy?

To teach new, adaptive ways of thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a token economy?

A procedure involving reinforcement for desired behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of family therapy?

Considers the patient’s problems in the context of family dynamics Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about light exposure therapy is accurate?

It mimics sunlight to improve mood. Signup and view all the answers

What does systematic desensitization aim to change?

Reactions to anxiety-triggering stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about psychotherapy effectiveness?

All therapies are universally effective. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important feature of group therapy?

Enables interaction among patients with similar issues Signup and view all the answers

Which approach aims to combine cognitive and behavioral techniques?

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is aversive conditioning typically used?

To associate unpleasant sensations with undesirable behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-serving bias?

The tendency to judge oneself favorably Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

Clients perceive that therapy is beneficial Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychotherapy Types

Over 250 types of psychotherapy exist.
Four major categories include:
- Psychoanalytic
- Humanistic
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
Eclectic approach: Uses techniques from multiple therapies based on the specific problem.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Focuses on unconscious motives and conflicts rooted in childhood.
Goal: Bring repressed conflicts into conscious awareness to understand the root of the problem.
Methods:
- Free association: Patient speaks freely, revealing unconscious thoughts.
- Resistance: Blocking of anxiety-laden material from awareness during therapy.
- Interpretation: Analyst analyzes dreams, resistances, etc. to gain insight.
- Transference: Patient projects feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.
Psychodynamic perspective: A modern approach influenced by psychoanalysis, emphasizing the unconscious mind but less focused on childhood conflicts.

Humanistic Therapies

Nondirective therapy: Therapist listens without judgment or direction.
Client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers):
- Emphasizes empathy, acceptance, and genuineness by the therapist.
- Active listening: Paraphrasing, clarifying, and reflecting client's feelings.
- Critical for fostering growth and self understanding for the patient

Behavioral Therapies

Applies learning principles (classical and operant conditioning) to change unwanted behaviors.
Focuses on eliminating the disorder's behavior rather than discovering its cause.
Classical Conditioning Techniques:
- Systematic desensitization: Gradually reduces anxiety by associating relaxation with anxiety-triggering stimuli.
  - Hierarchy of fears and relaxation techniques are key components.
  - Variations include virtual reality.
- Aversive conditioning: Associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
Operant Conditioning Techniques: Token economy: Rewards desired behavior with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges.

Cognitive Therapies

Teaches new ways of thinking.
Focuses on thoughts that intervene between events and emotional reactions.
Self-serving bias: Judging oneself favorably. Depressed patients often lack this.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): Combines changing thoughts and behaviors.

Family and Group Therapies

Group therapy: Therapist works with multiple patients.
- Offers a sense of community and support.
Family therapy: Views patient's problems within the context of family dynamics. Aims for better communication and relationships.

Evaluating Psychotherapy

Effectiveness:
- Clients and clinicians often report positive results.
- Researchers continue to study and debate effectiveness.
- Effectiveness is often influenced by a clear-cut problem and tailored therapeutic approaches (not a one-size-fits-all method).

Alternative Therapies

Therapeutic touch: Moving hands over a person's body to balance energy fields. No scientific evidence for effectiveness.
Light exposure therapy: Treats seasonal affective disorder (SAD) by exposing patients to artificial light. Research suggests a link between light and melatonin levels.

Biomedical Therapies

Treatment focuses on changing brain function through drugs, ECT, or surgery.
History of drug therapies showing marked improvement in treating patients.
Deinstitutionalization: Release of patients from mental hospitals, largely due to new treatments.
Drug Therapy:
- Antipsychotic drugs: Reduce hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking (blocking dopamine activity).
  - Examples: Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal
- Anti-anxiety drugs: Treat anxiety disorders (boosting GABA).
  - Examples: Valium, Librium, Xanax
- Antidepressant drugs: Treat major depression (influence serotonin levels).
  - Examples: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) like Prozac,Zoloft, Paxil
- Lithium: Treats bipolar disorder..
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Sending a brief electrical current through the brain, with some memory loss as a side effect.
Psychosurgery: -Lobotomy: Cutting nerves connecting frontal lobes and emotional centers. Rarely used.

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Description

Explore the various types of psychotherapy and their classifications. This quiz covers major categories such as Psychoanalytic, Humanistic, Behavioral, and Cognitive approaches. Learn about specific techniques and goals associated with each type of therapy.