Types of Powers in Government

Study Notes

Types of Powers

Reserved Powers
- Age requirement of 18 to marry without parental consent in Illinois.
- Attorneys must pass the State's bar exam to practice in Texas.
- Missouri set aside 500 acres for a new wildlife reservation.
- Teacher seeking a teaching license must adhere to California's regulations.
Concurrent Powers
- Individuals are responsible for paying both federal and state income taxes.
- After Hurricane Katrina, both federal and Louisiana authorities issued bonds for reconstruction efforts in New Orleans.
Implied Powers
- Racial segregation in restaurants is prohibited, indicating the broader enforcement of civil rights.
- Shipping poison via mail is illegal, showcasing implicit regulatory authority.
- The Supreme Court invalidated Missouri's death penalty law for minors, demonstrating a broader interpretation of constitutional rights.
- A military draft was enacted during the Vietnam War, reflecting the government's implied powers regarding national defense.
Inherent Powers
- Deportation procedures for illegal aliens lead back to their country of origin.
- Recognition of Israel involved sending an ambassador, illustrating the inherent power of nations to establish diplomatic relations.
Expressed Powers
- The U.S. banned toys containing lead, highlighting explicit regulatory power for consumer safety.
- President Bush's role as commander-in-chief during the Iraq War reflects the President's expressed powers in military affairs.
- Hawaii's admission as a state in 1959 is an example of the expressed power of Congress to admit new states.
- The existence of hundreds of patents for the iPod showcases explicit legal protections for intellectual property rights.
- A voting age of 18 is enforced, reflecting a clear legislative expression of eligibility requirements.