Types of Patriotism

Patriotism

• A sense of love, dedication, and attachment to a country and an alliance with others who share the same sentiment.

Kinds of Patriotism

• Patriotism of Duty: Fidelity to one's nation through material acts, such as military service and selfless sacrifices.
• Patriotism of Affection: Inner desire for the well-being of one's country, which can be seen in patriotism of duty but does not necessarily result in it.
• Patriotism of Manners: Customs patriotism, such as placing one's hand over the heart during the national anthem, which can be performed by anyone without needing affection or duty patriotism.

Personal Patriotism

• Emotional and voluntary, adhering to certain patriotic values, such as respect for the flag or honoring veterans.
• Examples include enlisting in the army, public service, and participation in the political process through voting or other forms of activism.

Types of Patriotism

• Official Patriotism: Promoted by the government, with a high symbolic and ceremonial content, often regulated by protocol.
• Symbolic Patriotism: Intended to raise morale, contributing to the war effort, often used in wartime.
• Peacetime Patriotism: Cannot be linked to a measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does not see it as inferior.

Nationalism

• An ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests of a particular nation.
• Aims to acquire and maintain the nation's sovereignty over its country of origin.
• Claim that each nation should regulate itself, free from outside intervention.

Types of Nationalism

• Ethnic Nationalism / Ethnonationalism: Describes the country in terms of ethnicity and descent, with a shared culture and language.
• Civic Nationalism / Civil Nationalism: Derives political legitimacy from citizens' active involvement and the extent to which it reflects the "will of the individuals".
• Expansionist Nationalism: A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with a faith in expansionism, generally through military aggression.
• Romantic Nationalism: Based on a historical culture that meets certain ideals, values Romanticism, and opposes Enlightenment.
• Cultural Nationalism: Defined by shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic, with membership not completely voluntary or hereditary.
• Third World Nationalism: Result of opposition to colonial rule, focusing on surviving and maintaining a domestic identity.
• Liberal Nationalism: Defined by political philosophers who believe in a non-xenophobic form of nationalism, compatible with liberal values.
• Religious Nationalism: A connection to a specific religious faith, church, or affiliation, contributing to a sense of domestic unity and a shared bond between the people.
• Pan Nationalism: Refers to ethnic or cultural nationalism in a country that itself is a cluster of ethnic and cultural communities.
• Diaspora Nationalism: Refers to nationalist feelings among a diaspora, who live outside their traditional homeland.
• Stateless Nationalism: Occurs when an ethnic or cultural minority seeks independence on nationalist grounds within a nation-state.
• National Conservatism: Used primarily in Europe, focusing on national interests over standard Conservatism, upholding national and cultural identity.
• Revolutionary Nationalism: An ideological theory that calls for a united domestic group, also known as radical nationalism.
• Left-wing Nationalism: Blends left-wing or socialism with nationalism, examples include the 26 July Movement of Fidel Castro, Ireland's Sin Féin, and Israel's Labor Zionism.