Types of Patriotism

Patriotism

• A sense of love, dedication, and attachment to a country and an alliance with others who share the same sentiment.

Kinds of Patriotism

• Patriotism of Duty: Fidelity to one's nation through material acts, such as military service and selfless sacrifices.
• Patriotism of Affection: Inner desire for the well-being of one's country, which can be seen in patriotism of duty but does not necessarily result in it.
• Patriotism of Manners: Customs patriotism, such as placing one's hand over the heart during the national anthem, which can be performed by anyone without needing affection or duty patriotism.

Personal Patriotism

• Emotional and voluntary, adhering to certain patriotic values, such as respect for the flag or honoring veterans.
• Examples include enlisting in the army, public service, and participation in the political process through voting or other forms of activism.

Types of Patriotism

• Official Patriotism: Promoted by the government, with a high symbolic and ceremonial content, often regulated by protocol.
• Symbolic Patriotism: Intended to raise morale, contributing to the war effort, often used in wartime.
• Peacetime Patriotism: Cannot be linked to a measurable gain for the state, but the patriot does not see it as inferior.

Nationalism

• An ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests of a particular nation.
• Aims to acquire and maintain the nation's sovereignty over its country of origin.
• Claim that each nation should regulate itself, free from outside intervention.

Types of Nationalism

• Ethnic Nationalism / Ethnonationalism: Describes the country in terms of ethnicity and descent, with a shared culture and language.
• Civic Nationalism / Civil Nationalism: Derives political legitimacy from citizens' active involvement and the extent to which it reflects the "will of the individuals".
• Expansionist Nationalism: A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with a faith in expansionism, generally through military aggression.
• Romantic Nationalism: Based on a historical culture that meets certain ideals, values Romanticism, and opposes Enlightenment.
• Cultural Nationalism: Defined by shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic, with membership not completely voluntary or hereditary.
• Third World Nationalism: Result of opposition to colonial rule, focusing on surviving and maintaining a domestic identity.
• Liberal Nationalism: Defined by political philosophers who believe in a non-xenophobic form of nationalism, compatible with liberal values.
• Religious Nationalism: A connection to a specific religious faith, church, or affiliation, contributing to a sense of domestic unity and a shared bond between the people.
• Pan Nationalism: Refers to ethnic or cultural nationalism in a country that itself is a cluster of ethnic and cultural communities.
• Diaspora Nationalism: Refers to nationalist feelings among a diaspora, who live outside their traditional homeland.
• Stateless Nationalism: Occurs when an ethnic or cultural minority seeks independence on nationalist grounds within a nation-state.
• National Conservatism: Used primarily in Europe, focusing on national interests over standard Conservatism, upholding national and cultural identity.
• Revolutionary Nationalism: An ideological theory that calls for a united domestic group, also known as radical nationalism.
• Left-wing Nationalism: Blends left-wing or socialism with nationalism, examples include the 26 July Movement of Fidel Castro, Ireland's Sin Féin, and Israel's Labor Zionism.

Explore the different forms of patriotism, including patriotism of duty and patriotism of affection, and understand their significance in national identity.