10 Questions
What is the term used for the work done by individuals to earn money?
Occupation
Which category of activities involves the extraction and production of natural resources?
Primary activities
What is an example of a secondary activity?
Mining
Where does the term 'agriculture' originate from?
Latin word 'ager'
Which group provides raw materials to the manufacturing industries?
Primary activities
What is the primary focus of agriculture?
Cultivating the soil and raising crops and livestock
Why does more than half of the world's population still engage in agriculture?
Due to dependence on agriculture for food and livelihood
What is the main purpose of subsistence farming?
To meet the needs of the farmer's family
What happens after the soil loses fertility in shifting cultivation?
The farmer shifts to another part of the forest for cultivation
How does agriculture contribute to industrial prosperity?
By providing raw materials for industries
Study Notes
Human Needs and Occupations
- Human beings need money to fulfill their needs and live a dignified life, and they work to earn money.
- Occupations are categorized into three broad categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Primary Activities
- Primary activities refer to the extraction and production of natural resources from the environment.
- Examples of primary activities include agriculture, animal rearing, mining, and fishing.
Secondary Activities
- Secondary activities refer to the processing of primary products to make them more useful.
- Examples of secondary activities include manufacturing, extraction of metals from ore, and conversion of wheat into flour.
Tertiary Activities
- Tertiary activities refer to providing services to society.
- Examples of people engaged in tertiary activities include doctors, engineers, teachers, drivers, and plumbers.
Importance of Agriculture
- Agriculture is defined as the art and science of cultivating the soil and raising crops and livestock.
- More than half of the world's population is directly or indirectly engaged in agriculture.
- In India, about 75% of the total population is still dependent on agriculture.
Progress in Agriculture
- With the spread of agriculture as a global activity, great progress has been made in every aspect of crop production.
- Human beings have developed various means and techniques to increase agricultural production, such as ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding, and harvesting.
Types of Farming
- Farming can be classified into different types based on geographical conditions, demand of products, labor, and level of technology.
- The main types of farming include subsistence farming, shifting cultivation, and others.
Subsistence Farming
- Subsistence farming is mainly practiced to meet the needs of the farmer's family.
- The farmer uses primitive methods to produce a variety of crops and does not consider the suitability of the soil for cultivation.
- Labor is provided by the members of the farmer's family, and production is generally low.
Shifting Cultivation
- Shifting cultivation, also known as slash and burn agriculture, is practiced in forested areas.
- The land is cleared by cutting and burning bushes and trees, and primitive farming methods are used.
- Crops like yam, maize, cassava, and potatoes are mostly grown, and the soil loses its fertility after about two to three years.
Test your knowledge on the different categories of occupations. Learn about primary, secondary, and tertiary activities that people pursue to earn money and lead a dignified life.
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