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Questions and Answers
What is the classification based on to determine if a nuclear reaction is spontaneous or induced?
Which type of nuclear reactions involve a radioactive element spontaneously transforming into another element by emitting α, β, or γ-rays?
In artificial or induced radioactivity, what is observed when a stable non-radioactive element is bombarded with a suitable bombarding particle?
What is the term used for reactions where a stable non-radioactive element is bombarded and no radioactivity is observed?
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In induced nuclear reactions, what happens to the newly-formed element if it is stable or non-radioactive?
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Which type of reactions are studied under 'Natural Radioactivity'?
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What can be observed in reactions under 'Artificial or induced radioactivity'?
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When a stable non-radioactive element is bombarded with a suitable particle, what type of reaction may occur?
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'Spontaneous nuclear reactions' involve which process?
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Study Notes
Nuclear Reactions
- Nuclear reactions can be classified into two types: spontaneous and induced nuclear reactions.
Spontaneous Nuclear Reactions
- Occur naturally without any external influence.
- Involve radioactive elements disintegrating into another element by emitting α, β, or γ-rays.
- Examples: 238U → 234Th + α, 234Th → 234Pa + β
Induced Nuclear Reactions
- Occur when a stable element is bombarded with a suitable particle (e.g., neutron, proton, deuteron, α-particle).
- Result in the formation of a new element, which may or may not be stable.
- Examples: 27Al + 4He → 30Si, 14N + 4He → 17O
Characteristics of Induced Nuclear Reactions
- The newly formed element may be unstable or radioactive, leading to disintegration into a stable element.
- The new element may be stable and non-radioactive, with no disintegration observed.
- Examples: Unstable - 30Si → 30P + e+ (positron), Stable - 30Si (no disintegration)
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Description
Learn about the classification of nuclear reactions based on whether they are spontaneous or induced. Explore how radioactive elements decay into other elements through the emission of alpha, beta, or gamma rays. Understand the difference between natural radioactivity and reactions initiated by artificial means.
