Gr 8 Natural Sciences Ch 1.3 SUM: Microorganisms
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Questions and Answers

What do microorganisms require to be observed?

  • A microscope (correct)
  • A pair of binoculars
  • A telescope
  • The naked eye

    • Who is considered the first microbiologist?

  • Louis Pasteur
  • Albert Einstein
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (correct)
  • Charles Darwin

    • What is a disease?

  • A condition that impairs normal functioning and is often caused by microorganisms (correct)
  • A type of microscope
  • A type of fungus
  • A type of microorganism

    • What is a characteristic of bacteria?

    <p>They are single-celled microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pathogenic bacteria?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of beneficial bacteria?

    <p>Producing certain foods like yogurt and cheese (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the kingdom of fungi?

    <p>Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They can only replicate within the cells of a host organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat and sometimes a lipid envelope. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fungi in the ecosystem?

    <p>They play essential roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and food production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pathogenic fungus?

    <p>Candida species that can cause yeast infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of airborne transmission?

    <p>Tuberculosis through droplets in the air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a microorganism that causes disease?

    <p>Pathogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a beneficial microorganism?

    <p>Yeast in bread and alcohol fermentation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for making something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance?

    <p>Contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a protist that performs photosynthesis?

    <p>Algae that perform photosynthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the body's defense system against infections and diseases?

    <p>Immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert into nitrogen compounds that plants can use for growth?

    <p>Atmospheric nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria helps in digestion and nutrient absorption in the human gut?

    <p>Escherichia coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic process that produces energy under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way pathogens can enter the body?

    <p>Through direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of specific bacteria in sewage treatment plants?

    <p>To break down organic matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of hand hygiene?

    <p>To prevent the spread of pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928?

    <p>Penicillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using microorganisms like algae and bacteria in biotechnology?

    <p>To produce renewable energy sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can HIV be transmitted from mother to child?

    <p>Through breastfeeding or childbirth if the mother is infected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To break down pollutants into less harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial gut bacteria?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Fixed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Louis Pasteur develop?

    <p>The first vaccines for rabies and anthrax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in the food industry?

    <p>They are used in fermentation and other processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules?

    <p>Legumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to prevent the spread of malaria?

    <p>Avoiding infected mosquitoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial bacteria in the ecosystem?

    <p>Producing certain foods like yogurt and cheese (A), Decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a beneficial microorganism?

    <p>Yeast used in bread making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of some bacteria?

    <p>Spiral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first microbiologist?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which microorganisms enter a host organism and cause disease?

    <p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of organisms that include both microscopic and macroscopic members?

    <p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for diseases such as cholera and typhoid?

    <p>Waterborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of beneficial fungi in food production?

    <p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganism can infect all types of organisms, including plants, animals, and bacteria?

    <p>Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants?

    <p>Pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial microorganisms in industrial applications?

    <p>Producing antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganism can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like?

    <p>Protists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in body temperature often due to infection?

    <p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission of rabies?

    <p>Through bites from infected animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of pathogens?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmitting infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>To convert nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way HIV is transmitted from mother to child?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules?

    <p>Legumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>To prevent infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in medical microbiology?

    <p>He developed the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms in sewage treatment plants?

    <p>To break down organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms convert sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Rhizobia bacteria in legumes?

    <p>To convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To ferment sugars and produce carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial gut bacteria?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To break down organic matter and reduce pollution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in the food industry?

    <p>To ferment food and produce yogurt, cheese, and bread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Alexander Fleming discover in 1928?

    <p>Penicillium fungus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of using microorganisms to clean up oil spills, heavy metals, and other environmental contaminants?

    <p>Bioremediation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial bacteria in the human gut?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of microorganisms from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is not a fungus?

    <p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fungi in the ecosystem?

    <p>To decompose organic matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To recycle nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms enter a host organism and cause disease?

    <p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for diseases such as the flu and tuberculosis?

    <p>Airborne Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of beneficial fungi in food production?

    <p>Fermentation in bread and alcohol production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system?

    <p>To defend the body against infections and diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism?

    <p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in decomposition?

    <p>To break down organic matter into simple nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a beneficial protist?

    <p>Algae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a pathogenic fungus?

    <p>Candida (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a beneficial bacterium?

    <p>Lactobacillus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for rabies?

    <p>Through bites from infected animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of hand hygiene?

    <p>To prevent the spread of pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial bacteria in the ecosystem?

    <p>To fix nitrogen from the air into a usable form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent the spread of HIV?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in medical microbiology?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that contribute to nutrient cycling and food production?

    <p>Beneficial microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into?

    <p>Nitrogen compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial gut bacteria in the human body?

    <p>To aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in sewage treatment plants?

    <p>To break down organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in the food industry?

    <p>They are used in fermentation and other processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that are used to develop vaccines?

    <p>Microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using microorganisms like algae and bacteria in biotechnology?

    <p>To produce renewable energy sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>They play a critical role in breaking down pollutants and waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the discovery made by Alexander Fleming in 1928?

    <p>Penicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from bacteria?

    <p>They consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a beneficial fungus?

    <p>Yeast in bread fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in ecological roles?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of airborne transmission of pathogens?

    <p>Inhaling droplets containing pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of pathogens from one host to another?

    <p>Transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a protist that performs photosynthesis?

    <p>Algae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system?

    <p>To defend against infections and diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of waterborne transmission of pathogens?

    <p>Drinking contaminated water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants?

    <p>Pathogenic microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a beneficial microorganism in food production?

    <p>Yeast in bread fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in the ecosystem?

    <p>To play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and decomposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that distinguishes viruses from other microorganisms?

    <p>Their ability to replicate only within the cells of a host organism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial bacteria in the human gut?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for diseases such as cholera and typhoid?

    <p>Waterborne transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can infect all types of organisms, including plants, animals, and bacteria?

    <p>Viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial fungi in food production?

    <p>To aid in fermentation and food spoilage prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Rhizobia bacteria in legume plants?

    <p>To convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds for plant growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of yeast in bread making?

    <p>To convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol, causing dough to expand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in sewage treatment plants?

    <p>To break down organic matter and reduce pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beneficial gut bacteria, such as E. coli?

    <p>To aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic process that produces energy under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>To aid in the breakdown of pollutants and contaminants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in the food industry?

    <p>To ferment and process food products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Alexander Fleming's discovery?

    <p>He discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which tetanus bacteria enter the body?

    <p>Through wounds caused by rusty metal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using sterilized equipment in medical settings?

    <p>To prevent the spread of infections like HIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Louis Pasteur in the field of microbiology?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for HIV?

    <p>Through unprotected sex with an infected person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>To convert nitrogen from the air into a form usable by plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of hand hygiene?

    <p>To reduce the risk of transmitting infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in food production?

    <p>To contribute to nutrient cycling and food production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for substances used to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes fungi from bacteria?

    <p>The presence of a true nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria?

    <p>Their ability to cause disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microorganisms in the ecosystem?

    <p>To decompose organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms enter a host organism and cause disease?

    <p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for single-celled microorganisms that belong to the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the diverse group of microorganisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of life?

    <p>Protists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic shared by all viruses?

    <p>They consist of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential role of fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mode of transmission of pathogens?

    <p>Through airborne transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of microorganisms in industrial applications?

    <p>Producing antibiotics and biofuels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of microorganisms?

    <p>Causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protists?

    <p>They can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which pathogens enter the body through direct contact transmission?

    <p>Through cuts or wounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of preventing the spread of HIV?

    <p>Vaccination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is credited with developing the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax?

    <p>Louis Pasteur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which beneficial gut bacteria prevent the growth of harmful bacteria?

    <p>Competing for resources and space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industrial applications of microorganisms is NOT directly related to food production?

    <p>Bioremediation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microorganisms in sewage treatment plants?

    <p>To break down organic matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use for growth?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is NOT used in the production of a specific vitamin?

    <p>Rhizobia (produces vitamin D) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using microorganisms in biotechnology applications?

    <p>To create innovative products and solutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants?

    <p>Rhizobia and legumes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is not capable of infecting plants?

    <p>Bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of beneficial fungi in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposition and nutrient cycling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which beneficial gut bacteria prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in the human gut?

    <p>Competing for resources and space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission is responsible for the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoid?

    <p>Waterborne transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in biotechnology?

    <p>They are used to produce renewable energy sources such as biogas and bioethanol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a beneficial protist?

    <p>Algae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of yeast in the fermentation process of bread making?

    <p>Converting sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the immune system in the human body?

    <p>To defend against infections and diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil?

    <p>Converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of microorganisms in environmental sustainability?

    <p>They are used to break down organic matter and clean up pollutants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which microorganisms are used in bioremediation?

    <p>Converting pollutants into less harmful substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming?

    <p>It revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which HIV attacks the immune system?

    <p>By attacking the body's white blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of converting sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne transmission?

    <p>Rabies virus transmitted through the bite of an infected animal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of decomposers in ecosystems?

    <p>To break down dead plant and animal matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conversion of nitrogen from the air into a form that plants can use?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a prevention method for the spread of HIV?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microorganisms that are classified as beneficial?

    <p>To play numerous roles in the ecosystem and human health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganism belongs to the kingdom Monera?

    <p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for microorganisms that can be found in nearly every environment on Earth?

    <p>Diverse microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of viruses?

    <p>They can only replicate within the cells of a host organism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed and built his own microscopes and became the first person to see and describe microorganisms?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which microorganisms enter a host organism and cause disease?

    <p>Infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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