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Questions and Answers
What mainly causes horizontal forces on a bridge?
What mainly causes horizontal forces on a bridge?
- Braking and accelerating of vehicles (correct)
- Annual growth rate of traffic
- Load standards
- Surface roughness
Which factor should be considered in the impact of wind on a bridge structure?
Which factor should be considered in the impact of wind on a bridge structure?
- Dynamic amplification (correct)
- Surface roughness
- Traffic growth rate
- Vehicle geometry
What influences the dynamic behavior of a bridge?
What influences the dynamic behavior of a bridge?
- Temperature change
- Surface division into lanes
- Characteristics of the vehicles (correct)
- Materials deformations
When do overall deformations occur in a bridge?
When do overall deformations occur in a bridge?
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What should be considered in the impact of temperature on a bridge structure?
What should be considered in the impact of temperature on a bridge structure?
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Study Notes
Types of Loads on Bridges
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Self-Weight of Structure:
- Comprises the inherent weight of the structural components including beams, trusses, and other load-carrying elements.
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Permanent Loads and Long-Term Effects:
- Includes self-weight of non-structural elements such as road surfacing, footpaths, edge slabs, crash barriers, and system installations (ducts, pipes, lighting).
- Essential to account for effects of creep and shrinkage immediately after the concrete slab is connected to the steel structure in composite bridges.
Creep and Shrinkage
- Creep and Shrinkage Considerations:
- Critical in steel-concrete composite bridges where the connections between materials impact overall behavior and load handling.
- Shrinkage of concrete can lead to additional stress and requires consideration in design.
Structural Weight Considerations
- Self Weight Composition:
- For steel bridges, self-weight predominantly consists of the steel framework.
- In composite bridges, the weight of the concrete slab is significant and must be evaluated to determine integrity and performance.
Support Settlement
- Indeterminate Structural Forms:
- Each section in an indeterminate structure must accommodate supplementary moments and forces arising from potential support settlement, which can affect bridge stability and longevity.
Traffic and Climate Loads
- Direct Traffic Loads:
- Imposed by regular use of the bridge, which includes vehicles, trains, and pedestrian traffic.
- Essential to assess traffic loads for effective design and safety measures in bridge engineering.
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