Types of Law in Canada

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Questions and Answers

Which area of law is primarily concerned with issues like divorce and child custody?

  • Family Law (correct)
  • Property Law
  • Tort Law
  • Labour Law

Property Law governs the distribution of a person’s assets after their death.

False (B)

What legal term describes wrongful acts, either civil or criminal, committed by one person against another?

Tort

The legal rules that control the use and enjoyment of real property are known as ________ law.

<p>Property</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following areas of law with their primary focus:

<p>Labour Law = Workplace issues like wage and vacation time Family Law = Divorce and custody issues Property Law = Regulation of real and personal property Tort Law = Civil wrongs and remedies for injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of law deals with the relationship between government and individuals?

<p>Public Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Criminal Law is only concerned with civil offenses that affect private individuals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Criminal Law?

<p>To punish offenders and protect society and its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The law that regulates contracts between parties is known as _____ Law.

<p>Contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of law with its correct description.

<p>Environmental Law = Regulates the impacts of human activities on the natural environment Administrative Law = Controls the relationship between citizens and government agencies Tax Law = A codified system concerning levies on economic transactions Commercial Law = Governs business and regulates corporate contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of Public Law?

<p>Contract Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aboriginal Law addresses matters concerning native people in Canada.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Environmental Law?

<p>To protect the natural environment and regulate human activities that impact it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Criminal Law?

<p>To protect society and punish offenders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of law outlines the division of powers among federal, provincial, and territorial governments?

<p>Constitutional Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Environmental Law?

<p>Protecting the natural environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of Contract Law?

<p>It regulates the relationship between employers and employees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of law governs the enforcement of agreements in business transactions?

<p>Commercial Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Aboriginal Law encompass?

<p>A series of acts concerning native people in Canada (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law seeks to control the relationship between government agencies and citizens?

<p>Administrative Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do tax laws primarily address?

<p>Transaction levies and economic contributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of law addresses the distribution of property and assets after an individual’s death?

<p>Estate Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal area involves negligence leading to injury, such as in car accidents?

<p>Tort Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of law would cover legal matters related to adoption and spousal abuse?

<p>Family Law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of law governs the enjoyment and rental of real property?

<p>Property Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Law regarding copyright and patents?

<p>Property Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Public Law

The basic laws of nation states that establish the structure and division of power of the federal, provincial and territorial governments.

Constitutional Law

Outlines the most basic laws of a country, which may limit or define governmental authority, such as the Constitution Act, 1982 in Canada.

Administrative Law

Governs the relationship between citizens and government agencies.

Criminal Law

Deals with laws passed by Parliament that define crimes against society, such as murder or kidnapping.

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Environmental Law

A complex system of laws that regulates activities to protect the natural environment.

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Tax Law

A codified body of rules governing taxes levied on economic transactions.

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Aboriginal Law

A comprehensive set of laws and regulations concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada.

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Commercial Law

A branch of private law that governs business and regulates contracts, such as hiring, sales of goods, and services.

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Labour Law

This branch of law deals with issues concerning employment relationships, including wages, working conditions, and employee rights.

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Family Law

Family law governs legal matters related to families, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption.

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Property Law

This area of law regulates the ownership, use, and transfer of property, including real estate and personal belongings.

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Tort Law

Tort law deals with civil wrongs, where one person's actions cause harm to another. It aims to compensate the injured party.

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Estate Law

Estate law focuses on the distribution of a person's assets and property after death.

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What is Labour Law?

This branch of law focuses on the rights and responsibilities of people in the workplace. It covers things like wages, working conditions, and employee rights.

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What is Family Law?

This area of law deals with legal issues related to families, such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption.

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What is Property Law?

This area of law deals with the ownership, use, and transfer of both land and personal possessions.

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What is Tort law?

This area of law deals with situations where one person's actions cause harm to another, aiming to provide compensation to the injured party.

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What is Estate Law?

This branch of law focuses on how a person's property is distributed after their death. It involves wills and estates.

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What is a contract?

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that can be enforced by law.

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What happens when a contract is broken?

A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to fulfill their obligations as outlined in the agreement.

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What does Labor Law cover?

Labor law defines employee and employer rights and obligations at work, such as minimum wages and working conditions.

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What is Environmental Law?

This law branch protects the natural environment by regulating human activities that can harm it.

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Study Notes

Types of Law

  • Public law deals with the relationship between government and individuals
  • Private law (aka civil law) deals with the interests of private individuals

Types of Law in Canada

  • Public Law:
    • Canadian Law
      • Substantive Law
      • Procedural Law
    • Administrative Law
    • Constitutional Law
    • Criminal Law
    • Environmental Law
    • Tax Law
    • Aboriginal Law
  • Private/Civil Law:
    • Commercial Law
    • Contract Law
    • Labour Law
    • Family Law
    • Property Law
    • Tort Law
    • Wills and Estates

Procedural Law

  • Sets out the rules of legal conduct
  • Covers police responsibilities, court procedures, and other legal proceedings.

Common Law

  • A body of law created from previous court decisions
  • The guiding principle is "stare decisis" (rule of precedent)
  • Trials must be held publicly
  • Judges must give reasons for their actions ("ratio decidendi")
  • Used throughout Canada except in Quebec

Substantive Law

  • Defines rights and obligations
  • Divided into: 
    • Bills, laws, regulations, Orders-in-Council
    • Case law

Public Law - Constitutional Law

  • Basic laws of nation-states
  • Outlines the structure and division of powers among federal, provincial, and territorial governments in Canada
  • Constitutions are frameworks for government, limiting and defining government authority
  • Example: Constitution Act, 1982

Public Law - Administrative Law

  • Controls the relationship between citizens and government agencies
  • Examples include Provincial Workers Compensation Board and Liquor Control Board

Public Law - Criminal Law

  • Rules passed by parliament to define crimes against society (e.g. Murder, kidnapping).
  • Found in the Criminal Code, which outlines acts and punishments
  • Aims to punish offenders and protect society
  • Punishments can include imprisonment (jail) or supervision (probation)

Public Law - Environmental Law

  • A complex system of law protecting the natural environment
  • Regulates human activities' impact on the environment
  • Example: allowable levels of pollution in water

Public Law - Tax Law

  • A codified system of levies on economic transactions (taxes)

Public Law - Aboriginal Law

  • Deals with acts and regulations concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada

Private Law - Commercial Law

  • Governs business and regulates corporate contracts, such as  hiring  and  the sale of goods and services

Private Law - Contract Law

  • Enforces contracts
  • A contract involves one party offering a bargain and another accepting it
  • Breach of contract occurs when a party doesn't fulfill the terms of the agreement

Private Law - Labour Law

  • Governs the relationship between employers and employees
  • Defines workers' and employers' rights and obligations in the workplace
  • Examples include minimum wage, vacation time, and pay equity

Private Law - Family Law

  • Deals with family-related issues and domestic relations (people living together)
  • Examples include divorce, spousal abuse, child custody, and adoption

Private Law - Property Law

  • Legal rules controlling the use, enjoyment, and rental of real property (land) and personal property
  • Includes everything from copyrights and patents to jewelry and buildings
  • Example: Tenant Protection Act

Private Law - Tort Law

  • Defines wrongs committed by one person or group against another
  • Civil wrongs that can also be criminal wrongs
  • Provides remedies to those harmed by intentional or negligent actions of others
  • Examples: Car accidents, defamation, and tarnishing someone's reputation

Private Law - Estate Law

  • Deals with wills and estates, and how individuals' property is distributed after death
  • Covers wills that outline an individual's wishes

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