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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of Debris Flow Landslides?
What is the primary cause of Debris Flow Landslides?
- Soil erosion
- Heavy rain
- Saturated slope (correct)
- Earthquakes
What is the characteristic of Slumping Landslides?
What is the characteristic of Slumping Landslides?
- Landslides of water-soaked mass of rock and soil
- Downward movement of rock debris as a unit (correct)
- Slow downslope movement of particles
- Sudden movement of rock debris
What is the depth range of sinkholes?
What is the depth range of sinkholes?
- From a couple of meters to several miles deep (correct)
- A few meters deep
- Hundreds of feet deep
- Only a few inches deep
What is the primary cause of Rock Fall Landslides?
What is the primary cause of Rock Fall Landslides?
What is Soil Creep Landslide?
What is Soil Creep Landslide?
What is a characteristic of areas prone to sinkholes?
What is a characteristic of areas prone to sinkholes?
What is the primary cause of landslides and sinkholes in the Philippines?
What is the primary cause of landslides and sinkholes in the Philippines?
What is the type of landslide that is also known as a mudslide or debris avalanche?
What is the type of landslide that is also known as a mudslide or debris avalanche?
What is the primary difference between landslides and sinkholes?
What is the primary difference between landslides and sinkholes?
What is an example of a geological hazard that is not necessarily related to natural conditions?
What is an example of a geological hazard that is not necessarily related to natural conditions?
What is the term for the slow movement of soil or rock debris down a slope?
What is the term for the slow movement of soil or rock debris down a slope?
What type of landslide involves a mix of water and sediment flowing down a slope?
What type of landslide involves a mix of water and sediment flowing down a slope?
What occurs as water passes through cracks and fissures in the soil?
What occurs as water passes through cracks and fissures in the soil?
What forms if a void filled with air becomes clogged with clay?
What forms if a void filled with air becomes clogged with clay?
What is a characteristic of a Cover Collapse Sinkhole?
What is a characteristic of a Cover Collapse Sinkhole?
What type of sinkhole occurs in areas where limestone or dolomite is exposed on the ground?
What type of sinkhole occurs in areas where limestone or dolomite is exposed on the ground?
What is an example of human activity that can cause an Artificial Sinkhole?
What is an example of human activity that can cause an Artificial Sinkhole?
What is the term for the process of soil erosion through internal erosion?
What is the term for the process of soil erosion through internal erosion?
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Study Notes
Types of Landslides
- Soil Creep Landslide: Characterized by slow downslope movement of particles in loose, weathered material; occurs on every slope.
- Slumping Landslide: Downward movement of rock debris as a unit along a curved failure plane; results in a scarp at the top.
- Debris Flow Landslide: Triggered by water saturation; a mass of water-soaked rock and soil slides down the slope.
- Rock Fall Landslide: Sudden slides caused by heavy rain, where loosened rocks on slopes fall rapidly.
Sinkholes
- Definition: Topographic depressions created when groundwater dissolves limestone bedrock; also known as "sink" or "doline."
- Characteristics: Usually occur in areas with soft minerals like limestone or salt, with depths ranging from meters to miles.
- Formation Process:
- Rainwater seeps through cracks in the soil into the underlying rock.
- Erosion of soil forms channels, increasing the size of underground water systems.
- Can create voids filled with air or water, leading to possible collapses.
Geological Hazards
- Definition: Natural phenomena causing significant issues globally, often exacerbated by urban expansion and development.
- Types: Landslides (also known as mudslides or debris avalanches) and sinkholes differentiate based on composition and terrain.
- Landslide vs. Sinkhole: Landslides involve soil collapsing downward on an incline, while sinkholes can appear on any surface, from flat to elevated.
Types of Sinkholes
- Cover Collapse Sinkhole: Develops suddenly, causing significant damage; may form within an hour.
- Cover Subsidence Sinkhole: Grows gradually in areas where sediment is permeable, typically containing sand.
- Dissolution Sinkhole: Occurs in calcareous areas with thin soil cover; intensified by water's contact with rock surfaces.
- Artificial Sinkhole: Generated by human activities such as groundwater pumping or construction.
Contextual Considerations
- Philippines Geography: Characterized by mountainous terrain and frequent typhoons, increasing the risk of landslides and sinkholes due to heavy rainfall.
- Geologic Hazards: These hazards are closely linked to both natural conditions and human actions, impacting safety and infrastructure.
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