Questions and Answers
What are the two main categories of joints?
What type of joint is characterized by a spool-like surface?
Hinge joint
Diarthrosis joints are synovial joints.
True
Which joint type allows movements in all three planes?
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What is the fluid that lubricates synovial joints?
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A ______ joint allows only rotations.
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What is a characteristic feature of a saddle joint?
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What type of joints permit movements such as flexion and extension but not axial rotation?
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Study Notes
Types of Joints
- Joints connect two or more bones and are classified into two main categories: synarthrosis and diarthrosis.
- Synarthrosis: Non-synovial joints lacking a joint cavity.
- Diarthrosis: Synovial joints containing a joint cavity; examples include hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints.
Characteristics of Diarthrosis Joints
- Joint cavity enclosed by a fibrous elastic capsule.
- Hyaline cartilage covers the bone surfaces within the joint.
- Synovial fluid coats joint surfaces, facilitating movement.
- Synovial membrane lines the inner capsule surface.
- Joint capsule has two layers: outer fibrous membrane and inner synovial membrane.
- Synovial fluid is compositionally similar to blood plasma but has lower protein content and higher hyaluronan concentration.
Classification of Synovial Joints
- Simple/Uniaxial Joints: Single pair of articular surfaces (one convex, one concave); examples include hinge and trochoid joints.
- Compound/Biaxial Joints: Single joint capsule with multiple articulating surfaces; includes condyloid and saddle joints.
- Complex/Multiaxial Joints: Incorporate inter-articular structures like menisci or discs; includes plain and ball-and-socket joints.
Types of Synovial Joints
- Ball and Socket Joints (Spheroid): Allows motion in all three planes; examples are the femur at the hip and the humerus at the shoulder.
- Hinge Joints (Ginglymoid): Characterized by a spool-like surface fitting into a concave surface; example is the elbow joint.
- Saddle Joints (Sellar): Have both convex and concave surfaces; an example is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
- Ellipsoid Joints: Similar to ball and socket joints but allow limited movement; an example is the wrist joint (radiocarpal articulation).
- Pivot Joints (Trochoid): Allow rotational movement around a ring; an example is the humeral radial joint at the elbow.
- Planar Joints (Gliding): Feature flat surfaces that slide over one another without axial motion; examples include some metatarsal and carpal joints.
- Condyloid Joints: Characterized by an oval articular surface permitting flexion, extension, adduction, and circumduction, but not axial rotation; can be bicondylar if it has two surfaces.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of joints in the human body, focusing on synarthrosis and diarthrosis. Learn about the differences between non-synovial and synovial joints, as well as examples of various joint types such as the hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. Test your knowledge on this important aspect of human anatomy.
