Types of Joints in Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of a synarthrosis joint?

  • A thin layer of fibrous periosteum between bones (correct)
  • Articular surfaces composed of fibrocartilage
  • A small amount of twisting or stretching
  • A sleeve-like capsule filled with synovial fluid

Which type of joint allows for free motion and is characterized by a sleeve-like capsule filled with synovial fluid?

  • Fibrous joint
  • Cartilaginous joint
  • Diarthrodial joint (correct)
  • Syndesmosis joint

In which plane does flexion and extension occur?

  • Transverse plane
  • Sagittal plane (correct)
  • Coronal plane
  • Frontal plane

What describes a graft of fibrous tissue between two articulating bones in syndesmosis joints?

<p>Ligamentous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motion is NOT characteristic of non-axial joint motion?

<p>Flexion and extension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by angular motion in one plane around an axis?

<p>Hinge joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial fluid?

<p>Lubricates articular cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint undergoes rotation around the odontoid process?

<p>Atlantoaxial joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is known for being unable to repair itself due to the lack of blood supply?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligaments in joints?

<p>Provide flexible support and limit motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for movement in all three axes?

<p>Triaxial (multiaxial) joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure surrounds and encases a joint, providing protection?

<p>Joint capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of acquired bursae?

<p>Bursa under the lateral side of the third finger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of joints with their characteristics:

<p>Synarthrosis = No movement, bones interlock Syndesmosis = Small amount of twisting or stretching Cartilaginous = Allows small amount of motion with cartilage Synovial = Allows free motion with synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cartilage with their location:

<p>Hyaline cartilage = 1st sternocostal joint Fibrocartilage = Symphysis pubis Not applicable = Gomphosis in teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following planes with their corresponding motions:

<p>Sagittal plane = Flexion and extension Frontal plane = Abduction and adduction Transverse plane = Rotation Not applicable = Linear motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following joint characteristics with their types:

<p>Non-axial = Carpal movements Diarthrodial = Sleeve-like capsule Amphiarthrodial = Fibrocartilage between bones Synarthrodial = Suture joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following joint types with their examples:

<p>Suture joint = Skull sutures Distal tibiofibular joint = Syndesmosis joint Vertebral bodies = Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint = Knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of joint motion with their descriptions:

<p>Uniaxial = Angular motion in one plane around an axis Biaxial = Occurs in 2 different directions Triaxial = Active motion in all 3 axes Non-axial = No significant movement in any plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following joints with their specific movements:

<p>Humeroulnar Joint = Flexion and extension Knee Joint = Rotation except in last degrees of extension Atlantoaxial Joint = C1 rotates around C2 Radioulnar Joint = Head of radius pivots around ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following joint structures with their functions:

<p>Ligaments = Allow motion but keep bones close together Cartilage = Shock absorber and withstands pressure Synovial Fluid = Lubricates articular cartilage Joint Capsule = Protects articular surfaces of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cartilage with their characteristics:

<p>Hyaline Cartilage = Covers ends of bones, unable to repair Fibrocartilage = Shock absorber found in menisci Elastic Cartilage = Allows certain amount of motion Dense Fibrous Tissue = Flexible but not elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a joint with their descriptions:

<p>Muscles = Contractile force causes movement Bursae = Reduces friction in excessive friction areas Capsular Ligaments = Surround the joint capsule Synovial Membrane = Lined inner part of the joint capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples of joints with their joint types:

<p>Hip Joint = Triaxial (multiaxial) Wrist Joint = Biaxial Interphalangeal Joints = Uniaxial Carpometacarpal Joint = Biaxial, saddle type</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following joint components with their roles:

<p>Articular Cartilage = Covers the ends of bones Menisci = Shock absorption in the knee Labrum of Shoulder = Fills ulnar and carpal gap Joint Capsule = Encases the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following motions with their corresponding joints:

<p>Shoulder Joint = Multiaxial movement Intervertebral Discs = Shock absorption Symphysis Pubis = Motion for childbirth CMC Joint = Cannot rotate thumb without flexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

A syndesmosis joint allows for a large amount of motion between the two bones.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral bodies are connected by elastic cartilage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diarthrodial joints allow for rotary motion around an axis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Movement in non-axial joint motion occurs primarily through angular movements.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carpals can move independently from each other.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The humeroulnar joint primarily allows for flexion and extension.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The knee joint performs rotation only while in full extension.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atlantoaxial joint is classified as a triaxial joint.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyaline cartilage has the ability to repair itself due to its blood supply.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bursae are structures that are created to reduce friction in areas of excessive movement.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscles generate movement through the contraction of tendons connected to bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocartilage serves primarily as a lubricant in joint cavities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fibrous Joints

Immovable or slightly movable joints where bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints, characterized by a joint capsule and synovial fluid for smooth movement.

Suture Joint

A type of fibrous joint found in the skull, with interlocking bones joined by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue.

Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into right and left halves, primarily used to examine flexion and extension.

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Non-axial Joint

A type of synovial joint with limited movement(linear) in all planes, with flat surfaces gliding over each other.

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Hinge Joint

A type of uniaxial joint that allows flexion and extension, like a hinge.

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Pivot Joint

A type of uniaxial joint that allows rotation around a central axis.

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Biaxial Joint

A joint that allows movement in two planes, around two axes.

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Saddle Joint

A type of biaxial joint that allows movement in two planes and limited rotation.

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Triaxial (Multiaxial) Joint

A joint that allows movement in three planes, around three axes.

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Ligaments

Strong, fibrous connective tissue that connects bones, providing stability and limiting joint movement.

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Synovial Fluid

A fluid that lubricates joint surfaces, reduces friction, and provides nutrients to cartilage.

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Synarthrosis

A type of fibrous joint that is immovable, characterized by a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones. Found in sutures of the skull, it provides shape and strength.

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Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint that allows a small amount of twisting and stretching, connected by ligaments. An example is the distal tibiofibular joint.

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Cartilaginous Joint

A joint where bones are connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. It allows a small amount of motion, and examples include the symphysis pubis and vertebral bodies.

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What is a uniaxial joint?

A joint that allows movement in one plane around a single axis. It provides motion in one direction, such as flexion and extension.

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Give an example of a uniaxial joint.

The humerulnar joint, which allows flexion and extension of the elbow.

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What is a biaxial joint?

A joint that allows movement in two different planes, around two axes.

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Give an example of a biaxial joint.

The wrist joint, which allows flexion/extension and ulnar/radial deviation.

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What is a triaxial joint?

A joint that allows movement in three planes, around three axes. This provides the most range of motion.

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Give an example of a triaxial joint.

The hip and shoulder joints, allowing movement in all directions.

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What does the joint capsule do?

It surrounds and protects the joint, keeping the bones close together and providing support.

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What is the function of synovial fluid?

It lubricates the joint to reduce friction, nourishes the cartilage, and acts as a shock absorber.

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What type of joint allows free motion?

Synovial or diarthrodial joints allow free motion. They have no direct connection between bone ends, are enclosed in a capsule filled with synovial fluid, and have smooth articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage.

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What is a Gomphosis joint?

Gomphosis joints are found in the teeth, where the tooth is held in the jawbone by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue.

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What is a suture joint?

A suture joint is a fibrous joint found in the skull where bones interlock and are joined by a thin layer of fibrous periosteum. It provides shape and strength.

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What plane divides the body into front and back?

The frontal or coronal plane divides the body into front and back sections. It is used to examine movements like abduction and adduction, which occur around the sagittal axis.

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Joint capsule

A fibrous sac that surrounds and protects a joint, keeping bones close and providing support.

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Study Notes

Fibrous Joints

  • Three types:
    • Sutures: Thin layer of fibrous periosteum between bones. Found in the skull. Bones interlock for shape and strength.
    • Syndesmoses: Ligamentous joint, allows small twisting or stretching. Examples include the distal tibiofibular and distal radioulnar joints.
    • Gomphoses: Found in teeth (not covered in detail).

Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrodial Joints

  • Allow limited movement.
  • Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between bones.
    • Symphysis pubis: Fibrocartilage.
    • Vertebral bodies: Fibrocartilage.
    • 1st sternocostal joint: Hyaline cartilage.

Synovial/Diarthrodial Joints

  • Allow free movement.
  • No direct union between bone ends.
  • Joint Capsule: Sleeve-like structure filled with synovial fluid.
    • Outer layer: Strong fibrous tissue; holds joint together.
    • Inner layer: Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid.
  • Articular surface: Smooth hyaline cartilage.

Planes of Movement

  • Sagittal plane: Divides body into right and left; flexion/extension (frontal axis).
  • Frontal/Coronal plane: Divides body into front and back; abduction/adduction (sagittal axis).
  • Transverse/Horizontal plane: Divides body into top and bottom; rotation (vertical axis). Includes medial/lateral rotation, supination/pronation, and trunk rotation.

Joint Motion

  • Non-axial: Linear movement; flat surfaces; gliding. Examples include wrist flexion/extension, abduction/adduction.
  • Uniaxial: Angular motion in one plane; hinge joint. Examples include humerulnar joint (flexion/extension), interphalangeal joints, some knee movements (excluding final degrees of extension). Also, radioulnar (rotation - radius pivots around ulna), and atlantoaxial (C1 rotates around C2).
  • Biaxial: Two different directions of movement. Example is wrist, flexion/extension (frontal plane), and ulnar/radial deviation (sagittal plane); carpometacarpal joint of thumb (saddle joint).
  • Triaxial/Multiaxial: Three axes of movement. Example includes ball-and-socket joints (hip and shoulder).

Joint Structures

  • Bones: Shape determines motion.
  • Ligaments: Bands of fibrous connective tissue; flexible, not elastic. Capsular ligaments surround the joint.
  • Joint capsule: Encases the joint, protects articular surfaces, outer layer (fibrous tissue, support & protection), inner layer (synovial membrane, secretes synovial fluid).
  • Synovial fluid: Lubricates cartilage, absorbs shock, nourishes cartilage.
  • Cartilage: Dense fibrous connective tissue, withstands pressure and tension.
    • Hyaline cartilage: Articular cartilage (covers bone ends), avascular, incapable of self repair.
    • Fibrocartilage: Shock absorber (menisci of knee, intervertebral discs, and discs between clavicle and sternum).
  • Labrum: Shoulder's Glenoid fossa; fills gaps, adds stability and support.
  • Muscles: Contractile force causes movement; connected to bones by tendons.
  • Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs reduce friction; located under tendons, over bony prominences. Natural vs. acquired.

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Description

Explore the different types of joints found in the human body, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. This quiz covers their structure, movement capabilities, and examples for each category. Test your knowledge of basic joint anatomy.

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