Types of Infections and Modes of Transmission Quiz

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What are some common symptoms of 2019-nCoV?

Sore throat, runny nose, and body aches

Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing (correct)

Headache, muscle pain, and fatigue

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Why are people with underlying health conditions at higher risk for severe disease?

Due to their compromised immune system (correct)

Because of their genetic predisposition

Because of the virus's high mutation rate

As a result of their age and lifestyle

What is the period of time between initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms?

Prodromal period

Period of convalescence

Period of illness

Incubation period (correct)

What is the term for the period when the disease is at its highest severity?

Period of illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a disease to perpetuate itself?

A continual source of the disease organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are coronaviruses?

A large family of viruses (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do Salmonella pathogens enter host cells?

By altering host actin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic effect of Listeria toxins?

Endotoxic shock (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the substances contributing to pathogenicity?

Toxin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leukocidin?

Lysing RBCs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxin disrupts the host cells' plasma membrane?

Exotoxins A-B (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the release of endotoxins cause?

Cytokine release (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the portals of exit mentioned in the text?

Urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which physical factor provides protection as a first line of defense along with the epidermis?

Melanin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Lysozyme in microbial defense?

Breaking down bacterial cell walls (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity provides resistance to a specific pathogen?

Adaptive immunity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic waste from helminths can lead to symptoms?

Toxins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Apart from sebum, which other chemical factor contributes to the skin's defense mechanisms?

Lactoferrin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Through which way does systemic infection spread throughout the body?

Bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection occurs after the host is weakened from a primary infection?

Secondary infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'novel' as used in the context?

New (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection causes the initial illness in the body?

Primary infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which animal species are coronaviruses commonly found?

Camels, cattle, cats, and bats (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does sepsis arise from according to the provided text?

Growth of bacteria in the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What assay is used to detect endotoxins in drugs and on medical devices?

LAL assay (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Cryptococcus fungus prevent phagocytosis?

By forming a capsule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the visible effect of a viral infection in terms of cell damage?

Cytocidal effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen mimics Ach (acetylcholine) spikes?

Rabies virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do some protozoa avoid host defenses?

By growing inside cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin is produced by Aspergillus flavus?

Aflatoxin (C) Signup and view all the answers