30 Questions
What are some common symptoms of 2019-nCoV?
Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing
Why are people with underlying health conditions at higher risk for severe disease?
Due to their compromised immune system
What is the period of time between initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms?
Incubation period
What is the term for the period when the disease is at its highest severity?
Period of illness
What is essential for a disease to perpetuate itself?
A continual source of the disease organisms
What are coronaviruses?
A large family of viruses
How do Salmonella pathogens enter host cells?
By altering host actin
What is the characteristic effect of Listeria toxins?
Endotoxic shock
Which term refers to the substances contributing to pathogenicity?
Toxin
What is the function of Leukocidin?
Lysing RBCs
Which type of toxin disrupts the host cells' plasma membrane?
Exotoxins A-B
What effect does the release of endotoxins cause?
Cytokine release
What is one of the portals of exit mentioned in the text?
Urine
Which physical factor provides protection as a first line of defense along with the epidermis?
Melanin
What is the function of Lysozyme in microbial defense?
Breaking down bacterial cell walls
Which type of immunity provides resistance to a specific pathogen?
Adaptive immunity
What metabolic waste from helminths can lead to symptoms?
Toxins
Apart from sebum, which other chemical factor contributes to the skin's defense mechanisms?
Lactoferrin
Through which way does systemic infection spread throughout the body?
Bloodstream
What type of infection occurs after the host is weakened from a primary infection?
Secondary infection
What is the meaning of 'novel' as used in the context?
New
What type of infection causes the initial illness in the body?
Primary infection
In which animal species are coronaviruses commonly found?
Camels, cattle, cats, and bats
What does sepsis arise from according to the provided text?
Growth of bacteria in the blood
What assay is used to detect endotoxins in drugs and on medical devices?
LAL assay
How does the Cryptococcus fungus prevent phagocytosis?
By forming a capsule
What is the visible effect of a viral infection in terms of cell damage?
Cytocidal effects
Which pathogen mimics Ach (acetylcholine) spikes?
Rabies virus
How do some protozoa avoid host defenses?
By growing inside cells
Which toxin is produced by Aspergillus flavus?
Aflatoxin
Test your knowledge on different types of infections and their modes of transmission, including local, systemic, focal, primary, secondary, and subclinical infections. Learn about how new strains emerge and infect hosts through this quiz.
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