Types of Infections and Modes of Transmission Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are some common symptoms of 2019-nCoV?

  • Sore throat, runny nose, and body aches
  • Fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing (correct)
  • Headache, muscle pain, and fatigue
  • Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Why are people with underlying health conditions at higher risk for severe disease?

  • Due to their compromised immune system (correct)
  • Because of their genetic predisposition
  • Because of the virus's high mutation rate
  • As a result of their age and lifestyle

What is the period of time between initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms?

  • Prodromal period
  • Period of convalescence
  • Period of illness
  • Incubation period (correct)

What is the term for the period when the disease is at its highest severity?

<p>Period of illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a disease to perpetuate itself?

<p>A continual source of the disease organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are coronaviruses?

<p>A large family of viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Salmonella pathogens enter host cells?

<p>By altering host actin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic effect of Listeria toxins?

<p>Endotoxic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the substances contributing to pathogenicity?

<p>Toxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leukocidin?

<p>Lysing RBCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxin disrupts the host cells' plasma membrane?

<p>Exotoxins A-B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the release of endotoxins cause?

<p>Cytokine release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the portals of exit mentioned in the text?

<p>Urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical factor provides protection as a first line of defense along with the epidermis?

<p>Melanin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Lysozyme in microbial defense?

<p>Breaking down bacterial cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity provides resistance to a specific pathogen?

<p>Adaptive immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic waste from helminths can lead to symptoms?

<p>Toxins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from sebum, which other chemical factor contributes to the skin's defense mechanisms?

<p>Lactoferrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which way does systemic infection spread throughout the body?

<p>Bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection occurs after the host is weakened from a primary infection?

<p>Secondary infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'novel' as used in the context?

<p>New (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection causes the initial illness in the body?

<p>Primary infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which animal species are coronaviruses commonly found?

<p>Camels, cattle, cats, and bats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sepsis arise from according to the provided text?

<p>Growth of bacteria in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assay is used to detect endotoxins in drugs and on medical devices?

<p>LAL assay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Cryptococcus fungus prevent phagocytosis?

<p>By forming a capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visible effect of a viral infection in terms of cell damage?

<p>Cytocidal effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen mimics Ach (acetylcholine) spikes?

<p>Rabies virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some protozoa avoid host defenses?

<p>By growing inside cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin is produced by Aspergillus flavus?

<p>Aflatoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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