Types of Immune Response

A type of hypersensitivity reaction where the immune system targets soluble antigens (foreign or self), creating immune complexes. These complexes deposit in blood vessels, triggering inflammation and tissue damage.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T lymphocytes, typically occurring 24 hours or more after exposure to an antigen.

In Type III hypersensitivity, immune complexes are formed when an antigen binds to an antibody, typically IgG or IgM. These complexes then deposit in small blood vessels, triggering inflammation.

The process of inflammatory cells (like neutrophils) being attracted to the site of immune complex deposition during Type III hypersensitivity.

A disease that results from the deposition of immune complexes in various organs and tissues, often affecting the kidneys and joints. A common example is serum sickness, which occurs after exposure to foreign serum, like horse antitetanus serum.

A localized, immune reaction-induced vasculitis that occurs in the skin after injection of an antigen in a previously sensitized individual.

The process of immune system cells (like white blood cells) and other cells working together to destroy cells identified as foreign or abnormal, like virus-infected cells or tumor cells.

The role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in presenting antigens to T lymphocytes, triggering the immune response in Type IV hypersensitivity.

The rejection of transplanted organs or tissues, mainly due to the immune system recognizing the donor tissue as foreign and initiating a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction.

In Type IV hypersensitivity, the immune response is delayed, often taking 24 hours or more after exposure to the antigen. This delayed response is why Type IV is often referred to as 'delayed-type hypersensitivity'.

A type of immune response characterized by the activation of CD4+ T helper cells, specifically Th1 and Th17 cells, which release inflammatory mediators like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). This leads to macrophage activation and the formation of granulomas, structures that contain and try to eliminate the foreign agent.

A type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction where a purified mycobacterial antigen is injected into the skin of a previously immunized individual. The resulting inflammatory reaction is detectable within 24-48 hours.

A collection of immune cells, mainly macrophages, that form a protective barrier around a foreign antigen or pathogen. It is a hallmark of delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

A type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction specifically against fungal infections. Activated Th17 cells release IL-17 and IL-22, attracting neutrophils and monocytes to the site of infection.

A delayed hypersensitivity reaction where the immune system reacts to allergens, like poison ivy or other substances like nickel. This is a classic example of a contact dermatitis.

A type of immune response mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. These cells directly kill infected cells and tumor cells by inducing apoptosis.

A cytotoxic reaction against virus-infected cells. The immune system destroys infected cells to prevent further spread of the virus.

A disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet cells by cytotoxic T cells, leading to insulin deficiency. This is an autoimmune condition.

A condition that occurs when transplanted cells attack the recipient's tissues. This can happen when the donor cells have a different immune system from the recipient.

The gradual rejection of a transplanted organ by the recipient's immune system. It is a common complication of organ transplantation.