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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe an exaggerated degree of retention and recall?
What is the term used to describe an exaggerated degree of retention and recall?
Which condition is characterized by the unshakable belief that physical disease is present despite evidence to the contrary?
Which condition is characterized by the unshakable belief that physical disease is present despite evidence to the contrary?
What term describes a condition in which objects appear larger than they really are, often seen in hysteria?
What term describes a condition in which objects appear larger than they really are, often seen in hysteria?
Which term refers to perceptual misinterpretation of a real external sensory experience?
Which term refers to perceptual misinterpretation of a real external sensory experience?
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In which condition do objects appear smaller than they really are, and it may alternate with macropsia in hysteria?
In which condition do objects appear smaller than they really are, and it may alternate with macropsia in hysteria?
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What term refers to the apparent perception of an external object with no corresponding real object?
What term refers to the apparent perception of an external object with no corresponding real object?
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Which type of hallucination involves a false perception of smell?
Which type of hallucination involves a false perception of smell?
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What type of hallucination is characterized by a false perception of touch, such as feeling worms under the skin?
What type of hallucination is characterized by a false perception of touch, such as feeling worms under the skin?
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Which affective state is described as emotional flatness?
Which affective state is described as emotional flatness?
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What type of hallucination involves a false perception of taste?
What type of hallucination involves a false perception of taste?
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When objects appear greatly reduced in size in a hallucination, what is this type referred to as?
When objects appear greatly reduced in size in a hallucination, what is this type referred to as?
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What does euphoria refer to in terms of pleasurable affects?
What does euphoria refer to in terms of pleasurable affects?
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What type of paramnesia is characterized by the unconscious filling in of gaps in memory by imagined experiences that the patient believes to be true?
What type of paramnesia is characterized by the unconscious filling in of gaps in memory by imagined experiences that the patient believes to be true?
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Which term describes the feeling of certainty in recalling something accurately that is actually incorrect?
Which term describes the feeling of certainty in recalling something accurately that is actually incorrect?
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What is the term used to describe an illusion of recognition where a new situation is falsely seen as a repetition of a previous memory?
What is the term used to describe an illusion of recognition where a new situation is falsely seen as a repetition of a previous memory?
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In which type of paramnesia might a patient distort a past true event to align with a present need to support a symptom?
In which type of paramnesia might a patient distort a past true event to align with a present need to support a symptom?
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Which paramnesia includes both confabulation and retrospective falsification?
Which paramnesia includes both confabulation and retrospective falsification?
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'Déjà entendu' involves incorrectly regarding a comment never heard before as what?
'Déjà entendu' involves incorrectly regarding a comment never heard before as what?
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Study Notes
HyperMnesia and Disturbances of Perception
- HyperMnesia is an exaggerated degree of retention and recall, often seen in certain prodigies, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, paranoia, and mania.
- It can be elicited in a hypnotic trance.
- Macropsia is a condition in which objects appear larger than they really are, often seen in hysteria and delirium states.
- Micropsia is a condition in which objects appear smaller than they really are, often seen in hysteria and as an aura in some cases of epilepsy.
Hypochondriasis and Illusions
- Hypochondriasis is the unshakable belief that physical disease is present, despite all evidence to the contrary.
- Illusions are perceptual misinterpretations of real external sensory experiences.
- Examples of illusions include mistaking a mango tree shadow for a ghost at night.
Hallucinations
- Hallucinations are apparent perceptions of external objects with no corresponding real object.
- Types of hallucinations include:
- Hypnagogic hallucination (false memory perception during sleep-wake transition)
- Auditory hallucination (false auditory perception)
- Visual hallucination (false visual perception)
- Olfactory hallucination (false perception of smell)
- Gustatory hallucination (false perception of taste)
- Tactile haptic hallucination (false perception of touch)
- Kinesthetic hallucination (false perception of movement or sensation)
- Lilliputian hallucination (objects, usually people, appear greatly reduced in size, without a stimulus)
Disturbances of Affect
- Affect is the feeling tone, pleasurable or unpleasurable, that accompanies an idea.
- Types of disturbances of affect include:
- Shallow or inadequate affect (emotional flatness)
- Inappropriate affect (emotion does not correlate with the stimulus)
- Labile affect (changeable)
Attitude and Paramnesia
- Attitude refers to the effective state with which a person habitually confronts their environment.
- Pleasurable affects include euphoria, elation, exaltation, and ecstasy.
- Euphoria is a feeling of emotional and physical well-being, but can be indicative of mental disorder if in an inappropriate setting.
- Paramnesia is a distortion of recall, often including false details or wrong temporal relationships.
- Fausse reconnaissance (false recognition) is the feeling of certainty that one is recalling accurately something that is patently inaccurate.
Distortions of Memory
- Retrospective falsification is a type of paramnesia, where false details, meanings, and recollections of real memory are created in response to emotional needs.
- Confabulation is the unconscious filling in of gaps in memory by imagined experience that the patient believes, although they have no basis in fact.
- Pseudo-reminiscence incorporates both confabulation and retrospective falsification.
- Déjà vu is an illusion of recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous memory.
- Jamais vu is a false feeling of unfamiliarity with a real situation that one has experienced.
- Déjà entendu is a false sense of familiarity with a comment never heard before.
- Déjà pensé is a false sense of familiarity with a thought never entertained before.
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of hallucinations, including auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinesthetic, and more. Learn about false perceptions experienced in various sensory modalities.
