Types of Graphic Organizer & Data Analysis

Types of Graphic Organizer

• Visual thinking tools that help organize information and ideas to easily comprehend and internalize data.

Descriptive Statistics

• Summarizes or describes characteristics of a data set.
• Measures of Central Tendency:
  • Mean: Average of a data set.
  • Median: Middle value in a data set.
  • Mode: Number that occurs most often in a data set.
• Measures of Variability:
  • Provide descriptive information about the dispersion of scores within a data set.
  • Standard Deviation: Measures the amount of dispersion.

Types of Graphs

• Line Graph:
  • To show trends.
  • To make predictions.
  • To compare two or more variables, different variables, situations, and information over a given period of time.
• Bar Graph:
  • To compare several categories of data.
• Frequency of Distribution:
  • Ideal for visualizing the distribution of data when we have more than three categories.
  • Frequency of a value is the number of times it occurs in a dataset.
• Pie Chart:
  • Easy-to-understand ‘pie-slice’ format and illustrates numerical proportion.
  • Breaks down a group into smaller pieces.
  • Shows part-whole relationships.
• Histogram:
  • Shows continuous data in ordered rectangular columns.
  • There are no gaps between the columns.
  • Compares categories.
• Venn Diagram:
  • Uses overlapping circles to visualize the logical relationships between two or more groups of items.

Test Statistics

• One Sample T-Test:
  • Used to determine whether an unknown population mean is different from a specific value.
• Paired Samples T-Test:
  • Compares the means of two measurements taken from the same individual, object, or related units in order to measure the significant difference.
• Independent Samples T-Test:
  • Compares the means of two independent groups in order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population means are significantly different.
• One-Way ANOVA Test:
  • To determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent (unrelated) groups.

APA 7th Edition Format for Tables and Figures

• Tables:
  • Present information or numbers in rows and columns.
  • Vary in size and structure depending on the given data.
• Figures:
  • Any images used within the text, including data visualization graphics like graphs, diagrams, flowcharts, photographs, and artworks.
• Types of Notes:
  • General Notes:
    • Come first and preceded by the word “Note” in italics, followed by a period.
  • Specific Notes:
    • Refer to specific points in the table or figure.
  • Probability Notes:
    • Give p-values for the data in the table or figure.

Qualitative Data Analysis

• 5-Step Process:
  1. Prepare and Organize Your Data:
  • Print out transcripts, gather notes, documents, or other materials.
  2. Review and Explore the Data:
  • Read the data to get a sense of what it contains.
  3. Create Initial Codes:
  • Use highlighters, notes in the margins, sticky pads, concept maps, or anything that helps connect with the data.
  4. Review Those Codes and Revise or Combine into Themes:
  • Identify recurring, frequent, or repetitive themes, language, opinions, and beliefs.
  5. Present Themes in a Cohesive Manner:
  • Consider the audience, purpose of the study, and what content should be included to best tell the story of the data.