Types of Fungi

• There are multiple groups of fungi

Damatophytes/Antropofilios

• They exclusively affect human beings directly, or indirectly through fomites
• Examples are Epidermophyton and Reubrum

Zoofilicos

• They’re found in the soil that animals are in
• They can affect both animals and humans, like Microsporum gypseum.

Geofilicos

• Transmission occurs through direct contact with an infected animal, or indirectly through contaminated fomites like Microsporum canis.

Goofilicos

• Goofilicos are further divided into subgroups of microfungi.
• These include dermatophytes, like Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Aspergillus.
• They classify in the genera above, ex: dermatophytes above

Geofilicos

• Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium produce mycotoxins.

Yeasts

• Some examples of yeast include Candida and Cryptococcus

Pathogenic Organisms

• Pathogenic organisms are infectious agents that cause disease in a host.
• They’re classified as biological or non-biological.

Biological Agents

• Prions, viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites are types of biological agents.

Non-Biological Agents

• Non-biological agents include physical and chemical factors.

Physical Agents

• Examples are trauma (golpes), burns (quemaduras), noise (ruido), and stress (estres)

Chemical Agents

• Examples are venom (veneno), medications (medicamentos), additives (aditivos), and pesticides (pesticidas).

Pathogens

• Most pathogenic organisms are capable of producing alterations in a healthy, living organism.
• Biological pathogens have different characteristics that define them and cause greater harm than others.
  • This harm/alteration depends on the individual's immune competence.

Key Characteristics of Pathogens

• Includes pathogenicity, virulence, infectivity, invasiveness, and contagiousness

Pathogenicity

• Is the ability of a microbe to cause disease
• Successful disease occurrence depends on whether an illness manifests fully

Virulence

• The capacity of a microbe to multiply in tissues and induce lesions

Infectivity

• The number of microbes needed to cause infection at the site of entry

Contagiousness

• The ease with which a microbe is transmitted from one individual to another

Invasiveness

• The grade of capacity of a microbe to disseminate through the tissues of an organism

Action Mechanism

• Explains how a pathogenic organism works or acts
• Includes its entry, attachment to tissue, invasion of tissue, and inflammation.

Entry Points

• Fluids, secretions, wounds

Attaching to Tissue

• Mucosal lining, intestines, respiratory tract or other organs

Invasion of Tissue

• Means it can colonize and adhere it to the tissue

Adherence Mechanism

• Bacteria adhere to surfaces, allowing them to penetrate the tissue.
• Adhesion is often by microbial molecules binding to host cells.
• Gram-positive organisms like staphylococci utilize this attachment to their advantage.

Other Determinants of Adhesion

• Structures like fimbriae help bacteria adhere to cells
• Some bacteria, that are Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli) have organelles with specific adhesion
• They utilize fimbriae to adhere to epithelial cells or pili, allowing them to unite with host cells.

Epidemiology

• Is the part of medicine dedicated to studying the distribution, frequency, determinants, predictions, and control of factors related to health and disease in populations.
• It also studies existing health problems, and relies on studying humans in relation to their environment.

"Epidemiology" continued

• It is considered the basic science for public health, and a source of information for policy formulation.
• It studies the relationship and effects between exposure and disease, classifying different scenarios.

Endemic

• An endemic is a permanent pathological process in a specific geographic zone
• Includes the diseases that are present in a given area, such as a country or community

Epidemic

• An epidemic refers to a widespread disease with high numbers of affected individuals in a population
• In this sense, if a community is free of a certain disease, even one case constitutes an epidemic.

Pandemic

• A pandemic is an infection of people over a geographically extensive area.

Definitions

• Includes Endemic, Epidemic and Pandemic

Terms that all have to do with the same thing:

• Rogers
• Definitions
• Definitions

Study of Health

• Includes Morbidity, Mortality, Incidence and Prevalence

Morbidity

• Morbidity is the study of the effects of a disease in one population, allows to calculate or to have an effect on statistical knowledge

Mortality

• Mortality is the rate that indicates the number of dysfunctions involving the population during a process of fixed time

Incidence

• Incidence if the number of new cases of an anterior situation in a pollution in a determined period of time

Health Concepts Continued

• Time measurement is the number of times that the cases are presented in a determined season

Pathogenic Organisms

• The majority of pathogenic organisms have the capacity of producing alterations in the living organisms an illness.
• Characteristics of pathogenic agents that have different principle characteristics will produce a lower or major damage to the organism

Examples of Pathogenic Characteristics

• To infect/elude, reproduce and escape the immune system
• The damage or alterations produces or depends of individual; in that case the Immune system competence or not.

Concept of health

• World health organization is a state of complete well-being (physical, mental and society) and not only the absence of affectations or illnesses

Health Terminology Applied to Animals:

• It is the way that which organism normally naturally exercises all of its functions.
• Concept that only refers to the presence of absence of sickness or harm to the livestock, includes food, nutrients, water, temperature, intense clean, which are all factor that alter.
• Well-being of transgenic animals means that it keeps them comfortable, alert and efficiently producing
• Healthy animals can transmit that a bovine is safe and intermittently alert, have shiny hair, have humid conjunctive membrane.

When animal health is diminished

• They decrease the aspect and their habits, they are apathic, slow, loose their eyes and abandon the rest of the herd indicates a health compromise
• The reproductive parameter is an indicator that something may be wrong

Illness

• Definitions of alteration of functional states on defined times by general causes, manifested by common signs, symptoms, and evolution

Illness Concepts

• Comes from those words: "minus" or "probable" to those in OMS
• Any state to which there is an absence of proper health
• The definition of illness can be that it is a failure of firmness

More on Illness

• Illness is classified into acute and chronic

Acute Illness

• In medicine, it's one that appears suddenly, for diverse reasons.

Time Course Chart

• It evolves on observations and treatments

Acute Sickness

• Quick Recovery Examples
• Cold, appendicitis, bronchitis
• Chronic illnesses last longer (over six months months)

Chronic Illness

• Examples include cardiovascular (heart), SIDAI diabetes and neoplasms

Infections

• Process by which a pathogenic microorganism invades and/or multiplies, producing damage.

Infection Related Processes

• Mechanisms of action on illness where the microorganisms possess the capacity to transmit themselves on media, adhere and invade host tissues

Cascade of Infection

• Can happen from the outside inside the Immune System of the host
• There should be an agent that goes into the right area in the body to generate an invasion and attack, could be because it is a high risk area.

Infection aspects summary

• A process where microorganisms are able to reproduce and grow.

Different Infection Factors

• Infection: Invasion of microscopic capacitee of reproducing on host susceptible
• Re-infection: Second Infection happens from the same pathogenic agent on the same individual, and the host loses its capacity to fight it away.
• Injection of Secondary agent, it's a type of infection agent that is different than the first.

Infections from the Outside

• Infection for e-coli, second from concurrent colitis.
• Infection for virus, provokes severe disease.

Outside infections have a high risk on harming host.

• The infection isn't very detectable in clinical environments.

Absent Symptoms

• Absence of clinical signs and losses. It's still happening it's altered, there is no loss of the clinical agent
• All that is expressed by the agent, is not being detected, so it's altered.

Folles intalada con el verso?

• With the virus of The Nile

How this disease affects?

• That the infection has a virus that affects the chicken itself

General signs:

• You Can even say that the animal is in perfect shape, but 14.9% from the animal, after investigation, are infected!
• The principal cause due to infection, leads to a loss of normal body performance.

More on infections and what happens inside;

• Clinical illness
• Detectable signs of infection, Laryngo Traqueitis, Bromititus, Aspegillosos

Recovery: Is there any hope ?

##Recovery

• Response of The Signs, after the signs had been elevated to clinical measures to help

Infections with Mytoplasma

• Infections with Mytoplasma, can cause the animal to get to point of infection
• After taking care of the main infection, the body will develop something more or less the same over and over, if the medication is removed.

The Cycle

1. What does the body look like?
2. As the agent interacts with the body it will develop and lead to an issue 2. It's caused by the agent, infection caused or Micrplastics (Myopclasmic gold septicem)

Infection Cycle Details

• After effects, as a certain time

The period is made under the following stages

• Incubation
• Productive period.
• There's either recovery or if the state has ended over time and then the period turns Convolescent.

How are sicknesses transmitted?

Horizontal (contagious) Vertical(direct to the human).

• Contact: Direct (With what in contact. ex: a sickness), Indirect (Through media).
• Symptom: Manifestation of a health problem, is exclusively told with other symptoms that aren't easily measured with science.

Definitions (Symptom and Sign)

• The professional scientists will check those Symptoms to check the patient to check the health
  • The meaning on the situation leads to an illnes.
• It's what the sickness is happening, in the body

Sign, Sign of Manifestation

• It means in the body and detectable in one infection
• As a part of health, can be measured through a diagnostic test during the illness.

Important Veterinary Information:

• Clinical or observable effects through physical analysis to tell physical state.

PATOGNOMONIOO1 SIGN:

• To see something like an illness can only signify that there is something in the place being checked

Sign:

• Aggressiveness
• Apathy
• Vomiting
• Convalescence
• Idrophoria (rabies) , Paralis Mandibular
• Special Signs to see for the disease

Signs that are common

• To have a right diagnostic

Para onda un diagnastico

• To have a Diagnostic, make sure things are in the right place.

When things go wrong:

• To say it's something that is not correct. (Aclomate)
• Semi logos - Take lab values as something important to measure and base decisions on

The symptoms of certain infectious diseases (Para vision)

• When a patient doesn't eat or have regular health, try to find out (Atromia)
• The signs are an important thing to note here, it can explain almost everything when checking for illness

Minsis: Symptoms

• All are related to what's going on in the outside and inside
• Things like muscle damage, body odor, the way that you're bleeding internally or externally, the way that you're breathing, heart beats for example like Taquineo or polidipia
• To learn all this for the right context

Anemia- to get blood, Anoxia

• A different state of skin and body, all this is not correct to have if there's good health

Bacterial Infections

• Some signs may be subcutaneous, caused by the bacteria in that area.

Related Veterinary terms.

• Uncuna

Vaccine

• From the basis of virus with bacterium or virus in animal body, vaccine has emulsifiers.