Types of Fruits and Formation

Fertilization and subsequent division of the zygote into an embryo, while the ovule develops into a seed.

Cotyledons, radicle, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and plumule.

Fruits are classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits.

<p>Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction without fertilization, leading to genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-propagation involves new plant growth from vegetative parts of the parent plant, producing genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepals; help to protect the bud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attract pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains male reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains ovules that develop into seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains pollen grains (microgametophytes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant, while dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory fruits are formed from a part of the plant other than the ovary, like apples and pears. Multiple fruits result from fused ovaries of nearby flowers, like pineapples and mulberries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drupes are simple fruits where the endocarp forms a hard enclosure surrounding the seed, like mangos and olives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pomes are accessory fruits formed by a united group of carpels, like apples and pears. Hesperidiums are a special type of berry with a leathery rind and segmented interior, like most citrus varieties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double fertilization in angiosperms produces both the embryo and endosperm. The ovary tissues then develop into the fruit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization. Examples include strawberries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis involves seed production without fertilization, while self-propagation occurs through mechanisms like stolons, tubers, and buds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stems like corms, bulbs, rhizomes, and tubers enable asexual reproduction in plants. For example, ginger forms rhizomes that give rise to new plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant life spans vary from a few weeks to thousands of years. Some plants are monocarpic and flower only once, while others are polycarpic and flower many times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsporogenesis involves the meiosis of microsporocytes in the anther to produce a pollen tetrad of microspores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In female gamete production, the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis in the ovule to produce 4 megaspores, with the large megaspore surviving and dividing to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled gametophyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant fertilization involves the mechanical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma, followed by the growth of a pollen tube guided by pheromones into the embryo sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen tube formation is crucial as it allows the sperm cells to reach the egg and central cell in the embryo sac for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endosperm is formed from the fusion of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac post-fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicots have two cotyledons, while monocots have one cotyledon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits have thickened walls that protect the seeds and aid in their dispersal away from the parent plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits can be classified as simple, aggregate, or multiple fruits based on whether they derive from a single ovary, many fused carpels, or a group of flowers, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perfect flowers contain both male and female parts, while imperfect flowers can be staminate (only male unit present) or carpellate (only female unit present).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complete flower has all four floral whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium (stamens), and gynoecium (carpels).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female gamete production in angiosperms involves meiosis of the megasporocyte to produce a large megaspore, which then divides to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled gametophyte (embryo sac).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiosperms have gametophytes in flowers, while gymnosperms have gametophytes on separate cones. Double fertilization occurs in angiosperms, while gymnosperms have single fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilization in plants involves the mechanical transfer of pollen to the stigma, followed by the growth of a pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the embryo sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from one plant to another plant. Mechanisms include self-pollination, insect pollination, bat pollination, bird pollination, wind pollination, and water pollination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed development involves fertilization, leading to the formation of an embryo from the zygote, seed coat from the ovule, and endosperm from fusion of a sperm cell with polar nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant, while dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypocotyl is the stem below the cotyledons in a seed embryo, responsible for connecting the cotyledons to the radicle and supporting early growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregate fruits form from multiple ovaries of a single flower, while multiple fruits develop from the ovaries of multiple flowers growing in a cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory fruits include tissues other than the ovary and examples include berries, drupes, and pomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis results in genetically identical offspring without fertilization, while self-propagation leads to genetically identical offspring through vegetative growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, while perennials can live for more than two years. Examples of annuals include marigolds, while examples of perennials are oak trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocarpic plants flower once in their lifetime, set seeds, and then die. Examples include agave and some bamboo species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycarpic plants can flower and set seeds multiple times over their lifespan. Most perennial plants fall into this category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed dispersal is crucial for the survival and expansion of plant populations as it allows seeds to reach new areas for growth and reduces competition among offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of forming a seed from a fertilized ovule

Cotyledons, radicle, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and plumule, parts of a seed.

Simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory based on structure and formation.

Asexual reproduction without fertilization, producing identical offspring.

New plant growth from vegetative parts, creating identical copies.

Sepals that protect the flower bud.

Attracts pollinators, usually colorful.

Flower's male reproductive structure (stamens).

Flower's female reproductive structure (carpels).

Contains ovules that develop into seeds.

Produces pollen grains (microgametophytes).

Male and female flowers on the same plant.

Male and female flowers on separate plants.

Forms both embryo and endosperm in angiosperms.

One cotyledon.

Two cotyledons.

How fruits help spread seeds.

Forms from a single ovary of a single flower.

Multiple ovaries from a single flower.

From many flowers, many ovaries fused together.

Has both male and female reproductive parts.

Missing either male or female parts.

Complete life cycle in one year.

Complete life cycle in two years.

Live for more than two years.