Types of Fruits and Formation

Fertilization and subsequent division of the zygote into an embryo, while the ovule develops into a seed.

Cotyledons, radicle, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and plumule.

Fruits are classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, and accessory fruits.

<p>Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction without fertilization, leading to genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-propagation involves new plant growth from vegetative parts of the parent plant, producing genetically identical offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepals; help to protect the bud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attract pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains male reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female reproductive structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains ovules that develop into seeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains pollen grains (microgametophytes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant, while dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory fruits are formed from a part of the plant other than the ovary, like apples and pears. Multiple fruits result from fused ovaries of nearby flowers, like pineapples and mulberries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drupes are simple fruits where the endocarp forms a hard enclosure surrounding the seed, like mangos and olives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pomes are accessory fruits formed by a united group of carpels, like apples and pears. Hesperidiums are a special type of berry with a leathery rind and segmented interior, like most citrus varieties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double fertilization in angiosperms produces both the embryo and endosperm. The ovary tissues then develop into the fruit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization. Examples include strawberries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis involves seed production without fertilization, while self-propagation occurs through mechanisms like stolons, tubers, and buds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stems like corms, bulbs, rhizomes, and tubers enable asexual reproduction in plants. For example, ginger forms rhizomes that give rise to new plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant life spans vary from a few weeks to thousands of years. Some plants are monocarpic and flower only once, while others are polycarpic and flower many times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsporogenesis involves the meiosis of microsporocytes in the anther to produce a pollen tetrad of microspores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In female gamete production, the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis in the ovule to produce 4 megaspores, with the large megaspore surviving and dividing to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled gametophyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant fertilization involves the mechanical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma, followed by the growth of a pollen tube guided by pheromones into the embryo sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollen tube formation is crucial as it allows the sperm cells to reach the egg and central cell in the embryo sac for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endosperm is formed from the fusion of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac post-fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dicots have two cotyledons, while monocots have one cotyledon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits have thickened walls that protect the seeds and aid in their dispersal away from the parent plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits can be classified as simple, aggregate, or multiple fruits based on whether they derive from a single ovary, many fused carpels, or a group of flowers, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perfect flowers contain both male and female parts, while imperfect flowers can be staminate (only male unit present) or carpellate (only female unit present).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complete flower has all four floral whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium (stamens), and gynoecium (carpels).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Female gamete production in angiosperms involves meiosis of the megasporocyte to produce a large megaspore, which then divides to form an 8-nucleate, 7-celled gametophyte (embryo sac).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiosperms have gametophytes in flowers, while gymnosperms have gametophytes on separate cones. Double fertilization occurs in angiosperms, while gymnosperms have single fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertilization in plants involves the mechanical transfer of pollen to the stigma, followed by the growth of a pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the embryo sac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen from one plant to another plant. Mechanisms include self-pollination, insect pollination, bat pollination, bird pollination, wind pollination, and water pollination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed development involves fertilization, leading to the formation of an embryo from the zygote, seed coat from the ovule, and endosperm from fusion of a sperm cell with polar nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoecious plants have both male and female flowers on the same plant, while dioecious plants have male and female flowers on separate plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypocotyl is the stem below the cotyledons in a seed embryo, responsible for connecting the cotyledons to the radicle and supporting early growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregate fruits form from multiple ovaries of a single flower, while multiple fruits develop from the ovaries of multiple flowers growing in a cluster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory fruits include tissues other than the ovary and examples include berries, drupes, and pomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apomixis results in genetically identical offspring without fertilization, while self-propagation leads to genetically identical offspring through vegetative growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, while perennials can live for more than two years. Examples of annuals include marigolds, while examples of perennials are oak trees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monocarpic plants flower once in their lifetime, set seeds, and then die. Examples include agave and some bamboo species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycarpic plants can flower and set seeds multiple times over their lifespan. Most perennial plants fall into this category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed dispersal is crucial for the survival and expansion of plant populations as it allows seeds to reach new areas for growth and reduces competition among offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers