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Questions and Answers
What is a Monteggia fracture-dislocation?
What is a Monteggia fracture-dislocation?
Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.
What kind of fracture-dislocation is a Galeazzi fracture?
What kind of fracture-dislocation is a Galeazzi fracture?
Fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint.
What is a Chauffeur fracture?
What is a Chauffeur fracture?
A specific type of fracture.
What is a Pott's fracture?
What is a Pott's fracture?
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What is a Boxers' fracture?
What is a Boxers' fracture?
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What is Barton's fracture also known as?
What is Barton's fracture also known as?
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What is a Pilon fracture?
What is a Pilon fracture?
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What is an Aviator's fracture?
What is an Aviator's fracture?
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What is a Chopart fracture-dislocation?
What is a Chopart fracture-dislocation?
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What are some examples of pathological fractures due to neoplastic conditions?
What are some examples of pathological fractures due to neoplastic conditions?
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Study Notes
Definition of Fractures
- A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone.
Classification of Fractures
- Classification is based on:
- Aetiology
- Relationship with the external environment
- Displacement
- Pattern of the fracture
Aetiology-based Classification
-
Traumatic Fracture:
- Results from trauma or excessive force.
- Common causes include falls, traffic accidents, and physical altercations.
-
Pathological Fracture:
- Occurs in bones weakened by diseases (e.g., metastatic cancer).
- May occur with minimal force; often leads to non-union.
-
Stress Fracture:
- Caused by chronic repetitive strain.
- May present only as pain, often not visible on X-rays.
Displacement-based Classification
-
Undisplaced Fracture:
- No significant displacement; easier to identify.
-
Displaced Fracture:
- Notable displacement due to factors like fracturing force, muscle pull, and gravity.
- Described by the position of the distal fragment relative to the proximal fragment.
- Displacement can occur as shifts, angulation, or rotation.
Relationship with External Environment
-
Closed Fracture:
- No communication with the external environment; overlying skin intact.
-
Open Fracture:
- Breaks in skin and soft tissue; can be internally or externally open.
- Internally Open: Fracture end pierces the skin from within.
- Externally Open: Object causing fracture lacerates the skin.
- Higher risk of infection, especially with externally open fractures.
Complexity of Treatment
-
Simple Fracture:
- Fractured in two pieces; usually easy to treat (e.g., transverse humerus fracture).
-
Complex Fracture:
- Composed of multiple fragments; generally more challenging to treat (e.g., comminuted femur fracture).
Quantum of Force Causing Fracture
-
High-Velocity Injury:
- Results from severe trauma (e.g., traffic accidents).
- Associated with extensive soft tissue damage and slow healing.
-
Low-Velocity Injury:
- Caused by mild trauma (e.g., falls).
- Minimal soft tissue injury; healing is usually predictable.
Pattern of Fractures
-
Transverse Fracture:
- Fracture line is perpendicular to the bone’s long axis; caused by tapping or bending forces.
-
Oblique Fracture:
- Fracture line is oblique; caused by bending forces with an axial component.
-
Spiral Fracture:
- Fracture line runs spirally; results from twisting forces.
-
Comminuted Fracture:
- Involves multiple bone fragments created by severe impact or trauma.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of fractures based on complexity of treatment and quantum of force causing fracture. Learn about simple fractures, complex fractures, high-velocity injuries, and more.
