Questions and Answers
What is a force?
A push or pull acting on an object that changes the motion of the object
Which of the following is an example of a contact force?
Friction
True or False: Field forces act through empty space.
True
Which law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force?
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What is inertia?
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What does Newton's 2nd Law state?
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What force is responsible for holding the moon in orbit?
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Which force holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together?
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Which force is involved in the radioactive decay of nuclei?
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What type of forces help circulate blood and enable the lungs to take in air?
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Which force is responsible for the formation of varicose veins and bone mineral loss when a person becomes weightless?
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The operation of most skeletal muscles involves the use of?
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What must the force due to the muscles, T, be in order to balance the torques exerted by the weights?
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When lifting a 10 kg weight against your body, how much torque does it exert?
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What is the formula for calculating the maximum force of friction?
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What does the coefficient µ depend upon in the context of calculating frictional force?
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What does the horizontal force component of the heel prevent when a person is walking?
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According to Newton's second law, what is the equation for force?
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In Example 1 for dynamic force, what is the force developed on impact when a 60 Kg person stops in a distance of 2.5 cm in about 0.05 sec?
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In Example 2, what is the force developed when a person walking at 1 m/sec hits his head on a steel beam and stops in a distance of 0.5 cm in about 0.01 sec?
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Which property determines the resonant frequency of each major organ?
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What occurs if a particular organ is vibrated vigorously at its resonant frequency?
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Study Notes
- The text discusses the four fundamental forces in nature: Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, and Weak Force.
- Gravitational Force: an attractive force that exists between all objects, it is the weakest force, and is responsible for holding the moon in orbit.
- Electromagnetic Force: results from electric charge, gives materials their strength and abilities, and is much larger than gravity.
- Strong Nuclear Force: holds particles in the nucleus of an atom together, is the strongest force, but only acts over the distance of a nucleus.
- Weak Force: a form of electromagnetic force involved in radioactive decay of nuclei.
- In the human body, there are various types of forces: muscular, molecular, electric, and gravitational.
- Muscular forces help circulate blood and enable the lungs to take in air.
- Medical effects of gravitational forces include the formation of varicose veins and bone mineral loss when a person becomes weightless.
- Gravity is a downward force that affects all objects on Earth, including the forces that keep the body in equilibrium (static force) and the forces that accelerate the body (dynamic force).
- The operation of most skeletal muscles involves the use of leverage and lever systems, where bones are levers, joints are fulcrums, and muscle contraction provides effort.
- The body's lever systems allow a given effort to move a heavier load, or move a load farther or faster, than it otherwise could.
- Types of levers include class 1, class 2, and class 3 levers, which differ based on the location of the fulcrum, load, and effort.
- Class 1 levers have the pivot between the effort and the load, and have mechanical advantages that range from less than 1 to greater than 1.
- In the human body, the spinal column can be modeled as a pivoted rod, with muscles providing force to move the load (spine).
- The text discusses various concepts related to levers, including mechanical advantage, disadvantage, and the relationship between lever movement and resistance movement.
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