Types of Federalism Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is dual federalism often referred to as?

Pancake federalism

Brownie federalism

Layer cake federalism (correct)

Marble cake federalism

What is cooperative federalism also known as?

Marble cake federalism

What does new federalism aim to reverse?

Cooperative federalism

What is fiscal federalism?

The national government's patterns of spending, taxation, and providing grants to influence state and local governments. Signup and view all the answers

What are grants-in-aid programs?

Money and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments for specific projects. Signup and view all the answers

What are categorical grants?

Grants that have a specific purpose defined by law. Signup and view all the answers

What are block grants?

General grants that can be used for a variety of purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What is revenue sharing?

A no-strings-attached form of aid to state and local governments. Signup and view all the answers

What are mandates?

Requirements imposed by the national government on the states. Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of federalism?

Encourages diversity in local government Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of federalism?

Duplication of offices and functions Signup and view all the answers

What are delegated powers?

Expressed or enumerated powers specifically given to the national government. Signup and view all the answers

What are inherent powers?

Powers that exist for the national government because it is sovereign. Signup and view all the answers

What are concurrent powers?

Powers that belong to both the national and state governments. Signup and view all the answers

What are reserved powers?

Powers belonging specifically to the states. Signup and view all the answers

What are implied powers?

Powers that may be reasonably inferred from the Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What do state guarantees include?

Republican form of government, protections against foreign invasion, and respect for geographic integrity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Federalism

Dual Federalism: Known as "layer cake federalism," separates national and state government powers distinctly.
Cooperative Federalism: Also called "marble cake federalism," emerged during the New Deal, emphasizing collaborative efforts between national and state governments.
New Federalism: Focused on reversing cooperative federalism and promoting devolution, where power is transferred to smaller political units.
Fiscal Federalism: Involves the national government's spending, taxation, and grant distribution to influence state and local governments.

Grants and Funding

Grants-in-Aid Programs: Funds from the federal government allocated to state and local governments for specific projects, originally for public works like canals and railroads.
Categorical Grants: Designated funds for specific purposes defined by law, often requiring matching funds; includes project grants and formula grants.
Block Grants: General funding for broader categories like education or healthcare, offering states flexibility in expenditure; favored by state governments.
Revenue Sharing: A form of aid with no restrictions on use, proposed during the Johnson administration but eliminated during Reagan's presidency.

Mandates and Regulations

Mandates: Requirements imposed by the national government on state and local entities, often resulting in unfunded mandates that require local funding for compliance.
Unfunded Mandate Reform Act: Passed after the 1994 mid-term elections to limit Congress's ability to impose unfunded mandates.

Federalism Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages: Promotes diversity in governance for large areas, prevents concentration of power, accommodates existing state governments, serves as a training ground for national leaders, and keeps government close to citizens.
Disadvantages: Inflexibility from a written constitution, complexity from multiple governing bodies, duplication of services, and potential conflicts of authority.

Powers of Government

Delegated Powers: Also known as expressed or enumerated powers, explicitly assigned to the national government.
Inherent Powers: Sovereign powers necessary for national government functioning.
Concurrent Powers: Powers that are shared by both national and state governments.
Reserved Powers: Powers constitutionally reserved for states, neither delegated to the national government nor prohibited to the states.
Implied Powers: Powers inferred from the Constitution, particularly through the Necessary and Proper Clause.

State Guarantees

Republican Form of Government: Provision ensuring a representative government structure in states.
Protection Against Invasion: Guarantees national defense against foreign threats.
Protection Against Domestic Violence: Ensures security and order within state borders.
Geographic Integrity of States: Respect for the boundaries and sovereignty of each state.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of dual and cooperative federalism with these flashcards. Ideal for students seeking to understand the distinct roles and interactions of national and state governments. Study the differences between 'layer cake' and 'marble cake' federalism to enhance your knowledge of governmental structures.