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Questions and Answers
What type of family consists of a father, mother, and children, and may include other relatives?
Which family type refers to the family structure created by an individual as they have children?
In which family structure does the authority typically rest with one individual or one gender?
Which family structure is characterized by living together without being married?
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What term is used to describe families that include parents who have remarried and brought children from previous relationships?
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In which family decision-making type does every member participate in the discussion and choice-making?
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Which family type consists of individuals without any legal or blood ties to each other?
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What is the characteristic feature of a Matricentric family?
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What is the first step in establishing mutually acceptable health goals for a family?
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Which elements make up the SMART criteria for objectives?
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Which nursing intervention category focuses on actions performed on behalf of a family unable to manage their health needs?
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What type of evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions as they are implemented?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three aspects to be evaluated in nursing interventions?
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In nursing, which function allows a registered nurse to monitor and educate patients?
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What do Developmental interventions aim to achieve in family health care?
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When evaluating outcomes of nursing interventions, which result would be considered undesirable?
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What is the main focus of the nursing care plan?
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Which rating indicates complete competence in family coping?
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What should be included in the justification of a family coping rating?
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When should the terminal rating of family coping be conducted?
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What is the first standard step in the nursing care planning process?
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Which factor is given the greatest weight in determining the nature of a health problem?
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What does the nursing care plan serve as?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the nursing care planning process?
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What is the primary focus of the first level assessment in nursing practice?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic evaluated in the initial data base for family nursing practice?
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In assessing family dynamics, which characteristic is essential for understanding communication patterns?
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What type of family structure is characterized by a male figure typically holding the primary decision-making power?
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Which of the following components is included in the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of family assessment?
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What is a key factor in understanding a family's health task performance?
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In evaluating the relationship of the family to the larger community, which aspect is significant?
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Which aspect is often assessed to understand barriers that families face in health tasks?
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What is the primary purpose of the home visit phase in nursing?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended principle of home visits?
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What is one of the advantages of conducting home visits as a nursing practice?
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Which phase of the home visit involves planning and setting appointments?
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Which of the following groups is a priority patient for home visits?
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What is one disadvantage associated with home visits?
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How can home visits improve family participation in care?
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What should be prioritized during a home visit assessment?
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Study Notes
Defining a Family
- The family is the basic unit of society.
- Family roles and functions are influenced by societal values, beliefs, and customs impacting every aspect of the family's life.
Types of Families
- Nuclear Family: Father, mother, and children (biological or adopted).
- Extended Family: Nuclear family plus other relatives.
- Single-Parent Family: Single parent with children.
- Binuclear/Blended/Reconstituted Family: Extended family with separate households from separated or divorced parents, where children may live with both parents.
- Step Family: Remarriage of a widowed person with children.
- Compound Family: One man/woman with multiple spouses.
- Cohabiting Family: Unmarried couple living together.
- Dyad Family: Husband and wife without children.
- Homosexual Family: Female-female or male/male, gay/lesbian couple with or without children.
- Communal Family: Groups of people living together, such as a home for the aged, an orphanage, or a monastery.
- No-Kin Family: Individuals with no legal or blood ties to each other.
Family Authority Types
- Patriarchal Family: Father or any male member (e.g., eldest son, grandfather) holds full authority.
- Matriarchal Family: Mother or any female member (e.g., eldest daughter, grandmother) holds full authority.
- Egalitarian Family: Husband and wife have equal authority.
- Democratic Family: All family members participate in decision-making.
- Authoritative Family: One individual has absolute control.
- Laissez-Faire Family: Members have complete autonomy.
- Matricentric Family: The mother makes decisions in the absence of the father.
Family Nursing Assessment
- First Level Assessment: Identifies family health problems using the Initial Data Base (IDB) and classifies them as Health Deficit (HD), Health Threat (HT), or Foreseeable Crisis (FC).
- Second Level Assessment: Defines the nature of the family's nursing problem and identifies the barriers to their health practices.
Initial Data Base for Family Nursing Practice: Family Structure, Characteristics, and Dynamics
- Household members: Individuals in the household and their relationship to the head of the family.
- Demographic data: Age, sex, marital status, and position within the family.
- Residence: Location of each family member, whether living with the family or elsewhere.
- Family structure type: Matriarchal, patriarchal, nuclear, or extended.
- Decision-makers: Dominant family members who make decisions, particularly regarding healthcare.
- Relationship dynamics: Observing family interactions for conflict or communication patterns.
Initial Data Base for Family Nursing Practice: Socioeconomic and Cultural Characteristics
- Income and Expenses: Occupation, place of work, and income of each working member.
- Basic needs: Ability to afford essential goods and services.
- Financial decision-maker: Who manages the family budget.
- Education: Educational attainment of each family member.
- Ethnic background: Cultural heritage and customs.
- Religious affiliation: Religious beliefs.
- Significant Others: Individuals with roles in the family's life.
- Community involvement: The family's participation in community activities.
Initial Data Base for Family Nursing Practice: Home and Environment
- Neighborhood: Type of neighborhood (e.g., congested, slum).
Family Coping Index: Scaling Cues
- The Family Coping Index evaluates the family's ability to cope with health challenges.
- Ratings range from 1 (no competence) to 5 (complete competence).
- The index focuses on the coping capacity, not the underlying problem.
- Evaluation considers the family as a whole.
- Ratings are typically determined after 2-3 home visits.
Family Coping Index: General Considerations
- Justification: A brief, factual explanation for the assigned coping rating.
- Terminal Rating: A final assessment at the end of a specific period, indicating the family's progress and further needs.
Planning: Family Nursing Process
- The nursing care plan focuses on actions to solve or minimize existing problems.
- It involves designing strategies, approaches, activities, methods, and materials to address needs.
- Based on identified health and nursing problems, the plan guides care but is not a fixed end goal.
- The primary goal is to provide appropriate care by removing barriers to family health.
- The care plan is a continuous and dynamic process, not a one-time event.
Planning: Family Nursing Process: Four Standard Steps
- Prioritization: Identifying and ranking health problems.
- Objective Formulation: Developing SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound) objectives when there is only one problem.
- Developing Strategies: Creating action plans.
- Evaluation Tool Formulation: Designing tools to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented strategies.
Prioritizing Health Problems
- The nature of the condition is considered, classifying problems as wellness state/potential, health threat, health deficit, or foreseeable crisis.
- Wellness state/potential receives the highest priority due to its focus.
- Factors Affecting Nature of the Problem: The family's recognition and acceptance of health needs and problems are crucial for achieving mutually acceptable goals.
Interventions
- Interventions represent the practical application of the nursing process.
- The nurse implements professional RN functions: promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative.
Interventions: Three Standard Functions Of RN
- Dependent: Administering medications under a physician's order.
- Independent: Monitoring, assessing, providing education, and performing other direct nursing care.
- Interdependent: Referring patients to other healthcare providers for specialist care.
Interventions: Freeman and Heinrich's Categories
- Supplemental Interventions: Actions the nurse performs on behalf of the family when they cannot manage tasks independently (e.g., direct nursing care).
- Facilitative Interventions: Actions that remove barriers to necessary healthcare services (e.g., assisting families in accessing maternal and child care services).
- Developmental Interventions: Actions that aim to improve the family's ability to meet their own health needs (e.g., guiding family members to make responsible health decisions).
Evaluation
- Formative Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions as they are implemented.
- Summative Evaluation: Evaluating the overall results of family nursing care, measuring outcomes and goal attainment.
Evaluation: Three Aspects
- Structure of Program & Activity: Assessing the adequacy of resources like supplies, equipment, and staffing.
- Process Utilized: Evaluating the effectiveness of the PHN's actions and activities.
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Outcome of Activity: Determining the results of care, classifying them as:
- Desirable: Outcomes to be implemented, advocated for, or strengthened.
- Undesirable: Outcomes to be avoided.
Evaluation: Aspects of Evaluation
- Effectiveness: Determining whether the goals and objectives were achieved.
Types of Family-Nurse Contact: Home Visits
- Home visits are used for various purposes, including assessment, nursing care, treatment, health education, and referral.
- Home visits require a clearly defined objective.
- The nurse should utilize all available information about the patient and their family, including existing records.
- The primary focus should be on the individual's and family's needs.
- The family should be actively involved in all aspects of the visit.
- The plan should be flexible to accommodate changing circumstances.
- Planning for ongoing care should involve a responsible family member.
Types of Family-Nurse Contact: Home Visit Advantages
- Allows assessment of the home environment and the family's context.
- Identifies previously unreported needs.
- Allows for tailored interventions based on family resources.
- Encourages family participation and focuses on the family as a unit.
- Facilitates teaching in a familiar environment.
- Provides personalized care, building confidence in the family and the organization.
Types of Family-Nurse Contact: Home Visit Disadvantages
- Time-consuming and resource-intensive.
- Distraction from outside factors within the home environment.
- May be more challenging to ensure the nurse's safety.
Types of Family-Nurse Contact: Priority Patients for Home Visits
- Newborns
- Postpartum mothers
- Pregnant mothers
- Individuals with chronic or severe illnesses.
Types of Family-Nurse Contact: The Home Visit Phases
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Pre-visit Phase (Planning Phase):
- The PHN contacts the family and sets an appointment.
- A plan for the home visit is developed.
- The PHN gathers information about the family's status, identifies the problem, establishes objectives, and outlines the visit's purpose.
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In-home Phase:
- This phase begins with the nurse entering the home and continues until they depart.
- It involves three stages:
- Initiation: Establishing rapport with the family.
- **Implementation: ** Carrying out the planned interventions.
- Termination: Completing the visit and discussing further plans.
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Description
Explore the various types of families that form the backbone of our society. This quiz covers nuclear, extended, single-parent, blended, and more family structures, as well as their roles and influences in societal values and customs. Test your understanding of how these family types operate within different contexts.
