Types of Energy and Their Conversions

Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion; depends on mass and velocity.
Potential Energy: Stored energy; depends on position or configuration (e.g., gravitational, elastic).
Mechanical Energy: Sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system.
Thermal Energy: Energy related to the temperature; involves the kinetic energy of particles.
Chemical Energy: Energy stored in chemical bonds; released during chemical reactions (e.g., combustion).
Electrical Energy: Energy from the movement of electric charges; used in appliances and machinery.
Nuclear Energy: Energy released from nuclear fission or fusion; used in power plants.
Radiant Energy: Energy of electromagnetic waves (e.g., light, solar energy).

Photosynthesis: Converts solar energy into chemical energy in plants.
Combustion: Converts chemical energy from fuels into thermal energy.
Electromagnetic Induction: Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy (e.g., generators).
Battery Discharge: Converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Energy Storage: Processes like pumped hydro storage and batteries store energy for later use.

Renewable Energy:
- Solar panels convert radiant energy into electrical energy.
- Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy.
Transportation:
- Vehicles convert chemical energy in fuel into kinetic energy for movement.
Heating Systems:
- Electric heaters convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
Energy Grids: Systems that convert and distribute energy from various sources for residential and industrial use.

Definition: The ratio of useful energy output to energy input, emphasizing reduced waste and optimized use.
Benefits:
- Lower energy costs.
- Reduction of environmental impact.
- Conservation of natural resources.
Methods to Improve:
- Improving insulation in buildings to reduce heating/cooling energy.
- Using energy-efficient appliances (e.g., LED bulbs).
- Implementing smart technology to optimize energy use in homes and industries.
Energy Audits: Assessments used to identify areas for improvement in energy efficiency in buildings and appliances.

Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion. Higher mass and velocity mean higher kinetic energy.
Potential Energy: Stored energy based on position or configuration. Examples include gravitational potential energy (due to height) and elastic potential energy (stored in compressed springs).
Mechanical Energy: The total of kinetic and potential energy within a system.
Thermal Energy: Energy associated with temperature. It relates to the kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.
Chemical Energy: Energy stored in chemical bonds, released during reactions like combustion.
Electrical Energy: Energy derived from the flow of electric charges. Powering appliances and machinery.
Nuclear Energy: Energy released by nuclear fission or fusion, utilized in power plants.
Radiant Energy: Energy carried by electromagnetic waves, including light and solar energy.

Photosynthesis: Plants transform solar energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Combustion: Chemical energy stored in fuels is converted into thermal energy, often releasing light.
Electromagnetic Induction: Mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy, as seen in generators.
Battery Discharge: Stored chemical energy in a battery is converted into electrical energy.
Energy Storage: Systems like pumped hydro storage and batteries store energy for later use.

Renewable Energy:
- Solar panels convert radiant energy from the sun into electrical energy.
- Wind turbines harness kinetic energy from the wind to produce electricity.
Transportation: Vehicles utilize chemical energy stored in fuels to generate kinetic energy for movement.
Heating Systems: Electric heaters convert electrical energy into thermal energy for warming spaces.
Energy Grids: Networks that transfer and distribute energy from various sources to homes and industries.

Definition: The ratio of useful energy output to energy input. High efficiency means less energy waste and optimized use.
Benefits:
- Lower energy costs.
- Reduced environmental impact (less pollution).
- Conservation of natural resources.
Methods to Improve:
- Enhance building insulation to minimize heating/cooling energy needs.
- Utilize energy-efficient appliances (e.g., LED lights).
- Integrate smart technology to optimize energy use in homes and businesses.
Energy Audits: Evaluations used to identify areas for improving energy efficiency in buildings and appliances.