Types of Electrolytes and Potassium Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal serum potassium level?

  • 3.5-5 mmol/L (correct)
  • 4.5-6.5 mmol/L
  • 3-6 mmol/L
  • 2.5-4 mmol/L

    • Which electrolyte is reabsorbed in great quantities in the kidneys?

  • Potassium
  • Sodium (correct)
  • Calcium
  • Chloride

    • What is the main route of potassium excretion in the body?

  • Kidneys (correct)
  • Skin
  • Lungs
  • Liver

    • Which of the following can cause an increase in the risk of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major contributor to acid-base regulation in the body?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and at the same time increases potassium excretion?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Essential for nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the kidney collecting ducts?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major intracellular cation in the body?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ingested potassium is absorbed by the small intestine?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness and cardiac conduction abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin drives potassium into which part of the body?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormone system?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source in cells?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is mainly found in the extracellular fluid and regulated carefully by the kidney?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of hypophosphatemia that can lead to heart and lung dysfunction?

    <p>Confusion and stupor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hyperphosphatemia in renal failure?

    <p>Promotes vascular calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is needed for the formation of ATP and 2,3-DPG in red blood cells?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral, when depleted, can impair ATP synthesis?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chronic renal disease drive due to the level of hyperphosphatemia found?

    <p>Precipitation of calcium and phosphate into soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intracellular concentration of magnesium in a 70 kg person?

    <p>~24g Mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral can cause local tissue necrosis if extravasated during administration?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is associated with increased mortality in renal failure due to vascular calcification?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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