23 Questions
What is the normal serum potassium level?
3.5-5 mmol/L
Which electrolyte is reabsorbed in great quantities in the kidneys?
Sodium
What is the main route of potassium excretion in the body?
Kidneys
Which of the following can cause an increase in the risk of hyperkalemia?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
What is the major contributor to acid-base regulation in the body?
Sodium
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and at the same time increases potassium excretion?
Aldosterone
What is the major function of sodium in the body?
Essential for nerve impulse transmission
Which hormone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the kidney collecting ducts?
Aldosterone
What is the major intracellular cation in the body?
Potassium
What percentage of ingested potassium is absorbed by the small intestine?
90%
What are the potential consequences of hyperkalemia?
Muscle weakness and cardiac conduction abnormalities
Insulin drives potassium into which part of the body?
Cells
Which electrolyte plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormone system?
Sodium
What is the primary energy source in cells?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Which mineral is mainly found in the extracellular fluid and regulated carefully by the kidney?
Magnesium
What is a symptom of hypophosphatemia that can lead to heart and lung dysfunction?
Confusion and stupor
What is a characteristic of hyperphosphatemia in renal failure?
Promotes vascular calcification
What mineral is needed for the formation of ATP and 2,3-DPG in red blood cells?
Phosphorus
Which mineral, when depleted, can impair ATP synthesis?
Magnesium
What can chronic renal disease drive due to the level of hyperphosphatemia found?
Precipitation of calcium and phosphate into soft tissues
What is the intracellular concentration of magnesium in a 70 kg person?
~24g Mg
What mineral can cause local tissue necrosis if extravasated during administration?
Calcium
What mineral is associated with increased mortality in renal failure due to vascular calcification?
Phosphorus
Learn about the two types of electrolytes and the role of potassium in cellular functions. Explore the normal serum potassium level, importance in neuromuscular function, and methods of achieving potassium balance in the body.
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