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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of Cyclomethicone (Cyclosiloxanes) in skincare products?
What is the main function of Cyclomethicone (Cyclosiloxanes) in skincare products?
Which component is responsible for adding viscosity and creating a dry, powdery feel in skincare products?
Which component is responsible for adding viscosity and creating a dry, powdery feel in skincare products?
What does SPF measure in sunscreen products?
What does SPF measure in sunscreen products?
Which component is known for boosting SPF and improving water resistance and photostability in sunscreen products?
Which component is known for boosting SPF and improving water resistance and photostability in sunscreen products?
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What is the primary function of Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid in skincare products?
What is the primary function of Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid in skincare products?
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Why is it important for sunscreen to be 'broad spectrum'?
Why is it important for sunscreen to be 'broad spectrum'?
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Which type of ingredients are responsible for adding moisture or helping retain moisture?
Which type of ingredients are responsible for adding moisture or helping retain moisture?
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Which type of ingredients replenish oils and lipids in the skin?
Which type of ingredients replenish oils and lipids in the skin?
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What type of ingredients are hydrophobic and act as water repellants?
What type of ingredients are hydrophobic and act as water repellants?
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Which type of ingredients are added to films to soften and impart flexibility?
Which type of ingredients are added to films to soften and impart flexibility?
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What type of ingredients are used to match the formulation’s pH with that of the application surface?
What type of ingredients are used to match the formulation’s pH with that of the application surface?
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Which type of ingredients are added to aerosol preparations to maintain pressure and help expel contents?
Which type of ingredients are added to aerosol preparations to maintain pressure and help expel contents?
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What effect does Vitamin E have when topically applied to the skin?
What effect does Vitamin E have when topically applied to the skin?
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What is the purpose of thickeners in cosmetic formulations?
What is the purpose of thickeners in cosmetic formulations?
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Which statement accurately describes Avobenzone?
Which statement accurately describes Avobenzone?
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Which compound is known as a true sweetener among the listed substances?
Which compound is known as a true sweetener among the listed substances?
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What is the role of Titanium Dioxide in skincare formulations?
What is the role of Titanium Dioxide in skincare formulations?
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In cosmetic formulations, what is the role of Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA)?
In cosmetic formulations, what is the role of Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA)?
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How does Vitamin A benefit the skin when topically applied?
How does Vitamin A benefit the skin when topically applied?
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Which compound is an example of a non-ionic surfactant?
Which compound is an example of a non-ionic surfactant?
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What are the properties of Zinc Oxide in skincare formulations?
What are the properties of Zinc Oxide in skincare formulations?
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What is the main function of Silicones like Dimethicone in cosmetics?
What is the main function of Silicones like Dimethicone in cosmetics?
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What is the primary effect of Panthenol in skincare products?
What is the primary effect of Panthenol in skincare products?
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What is the purpose of Isopentane in lotions and hair spray?
What is the purpose of Isopentane in lotions and hair spray?
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Which of the following is a non-polar solvent?
Which of the following is a non-polar solvent?
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How do anionic surfactants function in cosmetics?
How do anionic surfactants function in cosmetics?
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What is the main function of surfactants in cosmetics for cleaning/detergency?
What is the main function of surfactants in cosmetics for cleaning/detergency?
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Which of the following sweeteners is anionic?
Which of the following sweeteners is anionic?
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In the context of solvents, which type of solvent is mineral oil?
In the context of solvents, which type of solvent is mineral oil?
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Study Notes
Solvents
- Isoparaffins (liquefied gas): Isopentane, Butane, Isobutane, Propane
- Solvents used to dissolve components, provide a vehicle, or contribute to texture in lotions, body creams, nail polish, and hair spray
- Also used to stabilize the formulation, regulate evaporation rate, provide cooling effect, and aid in product application
Surfactants
- Anionic: foam building and cleaning, sometimes irritating
- Cationic: conditioning for skin and hair
- Amphoteric: cleansing, softening, foam building
- Examples: Stearic Acid, Sodium lauryl sulfate, Sulfonates, Sulfosuccinates
- Functions: cleaning/detergency, foam formation, thickening, emulsification
Sweeteners
- Artificial sweeteners: Peppermint, Strawberry, Artificial (chocolate, bubble gum)
- Add aesthetic impression due to nice smell
- Lower content in personal care products than in perfumes
Moisturizers
- Humectants: Glycerin, Sorbitol, Urea, Propylene glycol
- Emollients: Seed and nut oils, Lanolin, Synthetic esters of fatty alcohols and fatty acids
- Occlusives: Petrolatum, Mineral Oil, Paraffin, Carnauba or waxes, Stearic Acid, Cetyl Alcohol
- Functions: add moisture or help retain moisture, replenish oils and lipids, enhance skin barrier/skin rejuvenators
pH Buffers
- Citric acid, Lactic acid, Sodium hydroxide, Triethanolamine
- Match the formulation’s pH with that of the application surface
Plasticizers
- Camphor, Castor oil, Glyceryl tribenzoate in nail polishes, Mineral dimethicone and castor oil in styling products
- Added to films to soften and impart flexibility
Preservatives
- Parabens, Glutaraldehyde, Benzalkonium chloride, Benzethonium chloride, Benzyl alcohol
- Used to protect against molds, yeasts, and bacteria
Propellants
- Added to aerosol preparations to maintain pressure and help expel contents
- Examples: Cetrimonium chloride, Benzalkonium chloride, Amphoteric Coco betaine, Lauryl betaine, Non-ionic Glyceryl monostearate, Sorbitan esters, Polysorbates, Fatty alcohols, Polyxamers, Alkanolamides, Alkylglucosides
Thickening Agents
- Increase viscosity to improve stability, modify appearance and aesthetics, improve applicability, or act as suspending agents
- Water-based: Gums like xanthan guar, Cellulose derivatives, Hydrophilic clays (bentonite), PEGs, Carbomers, Sodium Chloride
- Non-water-based: Carnauba wax, Cetyl alcohol, Fumed silica, Polymers, Polyethylenes
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA)
- Improves skin firmness and elasticity
- Found in nature, involved in metabolic pathways (Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, and serine biosynthesis)
- Promotes collagen maturation, formation of glycosaminoglycan, and stimulates epidermal turnover
- Increases resistance of skin from chemical irritation
Silicones
- Dimethicone (PDMS): an organo-silicone polymer consisting of an inorganic siloxane (Si-O) backbone with pendant organic group
- Used in emulsions, adds viscosity, and provides substantivity or durability
- Examples: Cyclomethicone (Cyclosiloxanes) - volatile solvents, Dimethicones (PDMS) - used in emulsions, Silicone blends of Dimethicone Gums or Resins - increased substantivity or durability
UV Filters
- Physical absorption and blocking: PABA derivatives, Octyl dimethyl PABA
- Chemical absorption: Cinnamates, methoxycinnamate, Octyl UV-B
- Broad spectrum: provides both UV-A and UV-B protection
- Water-resistant: maintains the SPF level after 40 minutes of water immersion
- Examples: Benzophenones, Avobenzone, Octocrylene
Vitamins
- Vitamin E: non-enzymatic antioxidant, stabilizes biological membranes with large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Vitamin A: stimulates cell proliferation and cell renewal, increases collagen content of the dermis
- Vitamin C: water-soluble, non-enzymatic antioxidant, protects from UV-B damage if combined with Vitamin E
- Panthenol: acts as a humectant, ideal in baby care products or for sensitive skin
- Biotin: good for nails and hair due to effect on keratinization
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Description
Learn about the different types of cosmetic ingredients such as cationic, amphoteric, non-ionic, sweeteners, and thickeners, and their specific functions in cosmetic products. Explore commonly used chemicals like Cetrimonium chloride, Glyceryl monostearate, Sorbitan esters, Sodium saccharin, Xylitol, and more.
