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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of a voted constitution?
What is a key characteristic of a voted constitution?
- It is drafted by a monarch.
- It is directly voted on by the people. (correct)
- It is imposed by an international body.
- It is written by legislative authorities only.
The Spanish constitution of 1978 was created without any public involvement.
The Spanish constitution of 1978 was created without any public involvement.
False (B)
What is the term for a constitution granted by a monarch?
What is the term for a constitution granted by a monarch?
Octroyée constitution
The Moroccan Constitution of 2011 was established following _____ that demanded democratic reforms.
The Moroccan Constitution of 2011 was established following _____ that demanded democratic reforms.
What has been a challenge faced by the Constitutional Convention in Chile?
What has been a challenge faced by the Constitutional Convention in Chile?
Iceland's new constitution was passed successfully without any public votes.
Iceland's new constitution was passed successfully without any public votes.
Match the constitution type with its description:
Match the constitution type with its description:
The Spanish constitution was sanctioned by _____, symbolizing a crucial shift in the country’s governance.
The Spanish constitution was sanctioned by _____, symbolizing a crucial shift in the country’s governance.
What prompted the international community to impose constitutions?
What prompted the international community to impose constitutions?
Internationally imposed constitutions generally support a nation's autonomy and popular sovereignty.
Internationally imposed constitutions generally support a nation's autonomy and popular sovereignty.
Who was responsible for producing the new Japanese constitution in 1947?
Who was responsible for producing the new Japanese constitution in 1947?
The constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established during the ______ Agreement.
The constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established during the ______ Agreement.
Which element is a characteristic of constitutional ratification?
Which element is a characteristic of constitutional ratification?
Match the following events with their respective outcomes:
Match the following events with their respective outcomes:
MacArthur did not seek to impose a political system on Japan unilaterally.
MacArthur did not seek to impose a political system on Japan unilaterally.
What can be a potential issue with internationally imposed constitutions?
What can be a potential issue with internationally imposed constitutions?
Flashcards
Voted Constitution
Voted Constitution
A type of constitution where the people directly vote on the proposed document, often through a referendum.
Constituent Assembly or Convention
Constituent Assembly or Convention
A constitution drafted and proposed by a group of representatives, like a constitutional convention, and then put to a vote by the people.
Octroyée Constitution
Octroyée Constitution
A constitution granted by a monarch, often as a transition from an absolute to a more liberal state.
Internationally Imposed Constitution
Internationally Imposed Constitution
A constitution imposed on a country by an external force, such as a victorious power after a war.
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Icelandic Constitution (2011)
Icelandic Constitution (2011)
A constitution that was approved in a referendum but has yet to be fully implemented due to political challenges and delays.
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Spanish Constitution (1978)
Spanish Constitution (1978)
A constitution created through negotiation and compromise among various political parties, signifying a transition to democracy.
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Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
The process of drafting and approving a new constitution, often through a series of steps like writing, revising, and voting.
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Challenges of a Voted Constitution
Challenges of a Voted Constitution
The challenge of balancing inclusiveness, effectiveness, and coherence when drafting a constitution.
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Constitutional Ratification
Constitutional Ratification
The process of formally approving a constitution.
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Ratification by Convention
Ratification by Convention
A type of ratification where the constitution is approved by a gathering of delegates representing the people.
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Ratification by Referendum
Ratification by Referendum
A type of ratification where the constitution is approved by the people through a vote.
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Ratification by Monarch
Ratification by Monarch
A type of ratification where the constitution is approved by a monarch or other supreme authority.
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Translation of a Constitution
Translation of a Constitution
The process of translating a constitution from one language to another, which can lead to inaccuracies and misunderstandings.
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Popular Sovereignty
Popular Sovereignty
The level of autonomy and control a nation has over its own affairs.
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Degradation
Degradation
The act of reducing someone or something to a lower position or status.
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Types of Constitutions
- Voted Constitutions: Drafted and voted on by a constituent assembly, convention, or directly by the people.
- Example: Spanish Constitution of 1978, resulting from a referendum after dictator Franco's death, representing a compromise among major parties and ratified by the King.
- Challenges: Balancing inclusivity, effectiveness, and coherence across articles.
- Example Failures: Iceland's 2011 constitution, despite approval in a referendum, faced political ineffectiveness; Chile's ongoing attempts to ratify a new constitution, where the convention hasn't produced a document acceptable to a majority.
Octroyée Constitutions
- Granted by a monarch, often marking a transition from absolute to liberal states.
- Example: Moroccan Constitution of 2011, granted by the King after democratic reform protests, signifying a constitutional monarchy that won overwhelming support in a referendum.
Internationally Imposed Constitutions
- Imposed by the international community, typically after major conflicts, or when independent drafting is deemed unsuitable.
- Example: Japanese Constitution of 1947, imposed by General MacArthur after WWII, leading to contentious negotiations regarding Japanese values and sovereignty.
- Example: Bosnia and Herzegovina's constitution (1995), an annex of the Dayton Agreement, imposed by international powers resulting in a lack of connection with the nation’s values.
- Shortcomings: These constitutions often disregard national autonomy and popular sovereignty, potentially threatening stability.
Common Themes
- Compromise: All three forms of constitutional formation require compromise; successful constitutions arise from negotiation.
- Success and Failure: Successes and failures are seen across all three methods of constitutional enactment, demonstrating the complexity of constitution-building.
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