Types of Conditioning Flashcards

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Involves learning through pairing two stimuli repeatedly.
A fundamental concept introduced by Ivan Pavlov.

Forward Conditioning

The conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented before the unconditioned stimulus (US).
This method is effective in establishing a strong association between stimuli.

Delayed Conditioning

CS occurs just before the US, with a significant time gap allowing the organism to withhold its conditioned response initially.
This results in a strong learning association.

Trace Conditioning

The CS and US are presented with a time interval separating them.
This method may lead to weaker associations compared to forward and delayed conditioning.

Second-Order Conditioning

A learning process where an initial CS gains significance and is then paired with a new stimulus to condition it.
This builds on previously established learning.

Operant Conditioning

Learning method involving behaviors that are reinforced or punished.
Key figures include B.F. Skinner, focusing on consequences shaping behavior.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with the US, elicits a conditioned response.
Example: A bell that sounds before food is presented.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically initiates a response without any prior learning.
Example: Food causing salivation in dogs.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned reaction to the conditioned stimulus after association with the unconditioned stimulus.
Example: Salivating in response to the bell alone.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that does not require learning.
Example: Salivating when food is presented.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of conditioning through these flashcards. Learn about classical conditioning and different types such as forward and delayed conditioning. Perfect for psychology students or anyone interested in behavioral learning.