Types of Conditioning Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is classical conditioning?

A method of learning through rewards

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired (correct)

A reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

A learning where the conditioned stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus

What precedes the unconditioned stimulus in forward conditioning?

conditioned stimulus

What characterizes delayed conditioning?

the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus by a significant time period

What occurs in trace conditioning?

the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are presented separately with an interval of time in between Signup and view all the answers

What is second-order conditioning?

a stimulus is first made meaningful through an initial learning step and then used for learning about a new stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is operant conditioning?

a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior Signup and view all the answers

Define conditioned stimulus.

previously neutral stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response after association with the unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned response?

a response made after learning to associate an experience with a neutral or arbitrary stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Define unconditioned response.

an unlearned response that occurs naturally to the unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Involves learning through pairing two stimuli repeatedly.
A fundamental concept introduced by Ivan Pavlov.

Forward Conditioning

The conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented before the unconditioned stimulus (US).
This method is effective in establishing a strong association between stimuli.

Delayed Conditioning

CS occurs just before the US, with a significant time gap allowing the organism to withhold its conditioned response initially.
This results in a strong learning association.

Trace Conditioning

The CS and US are presented with a time interval separating them.
This method may lead to weaker associations compared to forward and delayed conditioning.

Second-Order Conditioning

A learning process where an initial CS gains significance and is then paired with a new stimulus to condition it.
This builds on previously established learning.

Operant Conditioning

Learning method involving behaviors that are reinforced or punished.
Key figures include B.F. Skinner, focusing on consequences shaping behavior.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with the US, elicits a conditioned response.
Example: A bell that sounds before food is presented.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically initiates a response without any prior learning.
Example: Food causing salivation in dogs.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned reaction to the conditioned stimulus after association with the unconditioned stimulus.
Example: Salivating in response to the bell alone.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that does not require learning.
Example: Salivating when food is presented.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of conditioning through these flashcards. Learn about classical conditioning and different types such as forward and delayed conditioning. Perfect for psychology students or anyone interested in behavioral learning.