Types of Chemical Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is a chemical reaction?

A chemical change in which atoms and molecules rearrange themselves to give a new product.

What are the substances that participate in a chemical reaction called?

  • Subscripts
  • Reactants (correct)
  • Products
  • Coefficients

    • Which of these symbols represents a solid in a chemical reaction?

  • (s) (correct)
  • (aq)
  • (l)
  • (g)

    • An aqueous solution is a substance dissolved in water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a precipitate?

    <p>A solid formed during a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indicator of a chemical reaction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are word equations?

    <p>Statements that indicate the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are oxidation and reduction reactions?

    <p>Reactions where one substance gains oxygen or loses electrons (oxidation) and another substance loses oxygen or gains electrons (reduction).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reducing agent?

    <p>A substance that removes oxygen from a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an oxidizing agent?

    <p>A substance that oxidizes other substances or accepts electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of an oxidation reaction?

    <p>Zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a reduction reaction?

    <p>Iron oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is combustion?

    <p>A chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe chemical reactions where a compound breaks up into simpler substances?

    <p>Decomposition reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a type of decomposition reaction?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thermal decomposition reaction?

    <p>A decomposition reaction caused by the application of heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electric decomposition reaction?

    <p>A decomposition reaction caused by the application of electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does light cause decomposition in silver chloride and silver bromide?

    <p>Light energy causes silver chloride and silver bromide to decompose into silver and chlorine or bromine, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acid-base neutralization reaction?

    <p>A reaction between an acid and a base, forming salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a precipitation reaction?

    <p>A reaction where an insoluble solid (precipitate) forms and settles out of the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a displacement reaction?

    <p>A reaction where one part of a molecule (an atom or a group of atoms) is replaced by another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of conservation of mass in chemistry?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent the number of atoms of each element.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing chemical equations?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Exothermic reactions release heat into the surroundings, while endothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

    <p>Burning wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Reactions

    • Objectives: Study different reaction types, oxidation-reduction reactions, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and balancing equations.

    What is a Chemical Reaction?

    • A chemical reaction is a chemical change where atoms and molecules rearrange to form a new product.
    • Substances that participate in a reaction are called reactants.
    • Newly formed substances are called products.
    • The arrow (→) indicates the products of the reaction ("yields" or "produces").

    Parts of a Chemical Reaction

    • Reactants: Substances involved in a reaction (bonds are broken).
    • Products: Newly formed substances (new bonds are formed).

    Other Symbols in Chemical Reactions

    • (s) = solid; (l) = liquid; (g) = gas; ↑ = gas given off
    • (aq) = aqueous solution (substance dissolved in water)
    • Dil. = dilute (more water, less solute); Conc. = concentrated (less water, more solute)
    • "+" separates reactants or products

    Evidence for a Chemical Reaction

    • Evolution of light or heat: A reaction that emits light or heat (e.g., a glowing stick).
    • Temperature Change: A change in temperature of the surroundings. A reaction that releases heat increases the surrounding temperature; one that absorbs heat decreases the surrounding temperature.

    Word Equations

    • Statements that show reactants and products in a reaction.
    • Example: Iron (s) + chlorine (g) → iron (III) chloride (s)

    Oxidation and Reduction

    • Oxidation: Gain of Oxygen, loss of Hydrogen, loss of electrons, or increase in oxidation state
    • Reduction: Loss of Oxygen, gain of Hydrogen, gain of electrons, or decrease in oxidation state

    Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

    • Oxidizing agent: A substance that oxidizes another substance or accepts electrons.
    • Reducing agent: A substance that can remove oxygen from a compound.

    Examples of Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

    • Oxidation examples include: Zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide Sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide Calcium + oxygen → calcium oxide Carbon + oxygen → carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide Nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen monoxide/nitrogen dioxide
    • Reduction examples include: Iron oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide

    What is Combustion?

    • Combustion is a chemical process where a substance reacts with oxygen to generate heat.
    • Example: Burning of magnesium ribbon.

    Balanced Equation for Methane

    • CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O (Methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water).
    • The balanced equation ensures equal numbers of each atom on both sides of the equation.

    Decomposition Reactions

    • A decomposition reaction occurs when a compound breaks into simpler substances, either elements or simpler compounds.

    Types of Decomposition Reactions

    • Thermal: Decomposition by heat (e.g., calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide; mercury oxide → mercury + oxygen)
    • Photo: Decomposition by light (e.g., silver chloride → silver + chlorine; silver bromide → silver + bromine)
    • Electric: Decomposition using electric current (e.g., water → oxygen + hydrogen; sodium chloride → sodium + chlorine)

    Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction

    • Reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
    • Example: Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

    Precipitation Reaction

    • A precipitation reaction is a chemical reaction where one of the products is an insoluble solid (precipitate) that forms in a solution.
    • Precipitation is indicated by an arrow pointing downwards (↓).
    • Example includes lead nitrate + potassium iodide → lead iodide + potassium nitrate Sodium sulphate + barium nitrate → sodium nitrate + barium sulphate

    Displacement Reaction

    • A displacement reaction is when one element replaces another element in a compound.
    • Example includes, Chromium oxide + aluminum → chromium + aluminum oxide Copper sulphate + Iron → iron sulphate + copper

    Conservation of Mass

    • During a chemical reaction, no atoms are created or destroyed; the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
    • This is why chemical equations must be balanced.

    Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

    • Exothermic reaction: Releases heat to the surroundings.
    • Endothermic reaction: Absorbs heat from the surroundings.
    • Examples include: Magnesium + hydrochoric acid (Exothermic), barium hydroxide + ammonium chloride (Endothermic)

    Counting Atoms and Balancing Equations

    • Balanced chemical equations show equal numbers of each atom on both sides.
    • Coefficients multiply the entire formula to balance atoms.
    • Subscripts indicate the number of atoms of an element in a compound (Cannot be changed to balance).
    • Examples include, SnO2 + 2H2 → Sn + 2H2O

    Rules for Balancing Chemical Equations

    • Coefficients are changed to balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
    • Never change the subscripts of a chemical formula to balance.

    Periodic Table (Partial)

    • A table that organizes elements by properties and atomic structure. Different elements have different numbers of electrons (e.g., Hydrogen - 1; Lithium - 2.1; Beryllium - 2.2 etc.).

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    Types of Reactions PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers different types of chemical reactions, including oxidation-reduction, exothermic and endothermic reactions. You'll learn about reactants, products, and the symbols used to represent various states of matter and solutions. Test your understanding of balancing chemical equations and the evidence of chemical changes.

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