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Questions and Answers
What type of reaction occurs when a single substance breaks down into two or more substances?
What type of reaction occurs when a single substance breaks down into two or more substances?
What is the purpose of counting the atoms in step 2 of balancing an equation?
What is the purpose of counting the atoms in step 2 of balancing an equation?
What is the correct order of balancing elements in a chemical equation?
What is the correct order of balancing elements in a chemical equation?
What type of reaction involves the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water?
What type of reaction involves the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water?
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What is the purpose of adding coefficients to a chemical equation?
What is the purpose of adding coefficients to a chemical equation?
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What should be done when balancing elements that appear in multiple formulas?
What should be done when balancing elements that appear in multiple formulas?
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What type of reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce heat and light?
What type of reaction involves the reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce heat and light?
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Why should the subscripts of the formulas not be changed when balancing an equation?
Why should the subscripts of the formulas not be changed when balancing an equation?
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What is the final step in balancing a chemical equation?
What is the final step in balancing a chemical equation?
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Study Notes
Types of Reactions
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Synthesis Reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
- Example: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
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Decomposition Reactions: A single substance breaks down into two or more substances.
- Example: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
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Replacement Reactions: One element replaces another element in a compound.
- Example: Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
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Combustion Reactions: A substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light.
- Example: 2CH4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
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Neutralization Reactions: An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water.
- Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: One substance loses electrons (oxidized) while another substance gains electrons (reduced).
- Example: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Balancing Equations
- Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation: Write the reactants on the left and products on the right.
- Step 2: Count the atoms: Count the number of atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides.
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Step 3: Balance the atoms: Add coefficients (numbers in front of formulas) to balance the number of atoms of each element.
- Start with the elements that appear in the greatest number of formulas
- Balance elements that appear in multiple formulas last
- Step 4: Check the equation: Verify that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
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Tips:
- Balance elements that are combined in a formula unit (e.g. water, H2O) together
- Don't change the subscripts (numbers in the formula) when balancing an equation
Types of Reactions
- Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a new compound, such as 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O.
- Decomposition reactions involve a single substance breaking down into two or more substances, such as 2H2O → 2H2 + O2.
- Replacement reactions involve one element replacing another element in a compound, such as Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu.
- Combustion reactions involve a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light, such as 2CH4 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O.
- Neutralization reactions involve an acid reacting with a base to form a salt and water, such as HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.
- Oxidation-reduction reactions involve one substance losing electrons (oxidized) while another substance gains electrons (reduced), such as 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.
Balancing Equations
- The first step in balancing an equation is to write the unbalanced equation, separating reactants from products.
- The second step is to count the atoms of each element on both the reactant and product sides.
- The third step is to balance the atoms by adding coefficients (numbers in front of formulas) to ensure equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides.
- Start balancing with elements that appear in the greatest number of formulas, and balance elements that appear in multiple formulas last.
- The fourth step is to check the equation to verify that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides.
- Tips for balancing equations include balancing elements that are combined in a formula unit (e.g., water, H2O) together, and not changing the subscripts (numbers in the formula) when balancing an equation.
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Description
Learn about the different types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion reactions. Understand the examples and characteristics of each reaction type.
