37 Questions
What is the relationship between a cause and its effect?
Consequence relationship
What is another term for causality that refers to the connection between two things where one is the result of the other?
Cause and effect
According to the text, what do non-scientists generally mean when they talk about causality?
The first event precedes the second in time and seems related to its occurrence.
What do scientists need to know about exposure to a toxin in relation to making people sick?
It only sometimes makes people sick
Which term refers to the reason that something happens?
Disposition
In a causal relationship, what directly results in the occurrence of another event or change in another variable?
Cause
In scientific thinking, what does a sufficient cause mean?
A cause that is enough to have an effect, though other causes could bring about the same effect
What does a necessary cause mean in scientific thinking?
A cause that is needed to bring about an effect and if that cause is enough by itself
If smoking were a necessary cause of lung cancer, what would be true?
Only smokers would get lung cancer; non-smokers would never get it
What type of causality exists where A causes B, but B has no effect on A?
Linear Causality
In which type of causality does A cause B, which in turn produces an increase in A, leading to a vicious circle interaction?
Circular Causality
Where does Negative Feedback Causality take place?
In homeostatic mechanisms through the body
What is the relationship between cell division and the growth of an elephant?
Cell division causes the growth of an elephant
Which statement best describes necessary causation?
A certain cause is absolutely required to observe a corresponding result
In real life, what is the relationship between smoking and lung cancer?
Smoking is a sufficient cause of lung cancer
What type of causality is demonstrated when each reaction sets off many other reactions in an explosion?
Chain reaction causality
What is the best categorization for the relationship where the reproduction of bacteria takes place and each cell divides every few minutes?
Chain reaction causality
What is the relationship between a cause and its effect?
The cause always precedes the effect in time and seems related to its occurrence.
What is another term for causality that refers to the connection between two things where one is the result of the other?
Consequence
What does it mean to say that 'A causes B'?
It indicates that A precedes B in time and seems related to its occurrence.
Where does Negative Feedback Causality take place?
In a circular interaction where A causes B, which in turn produces an increase in A.
In scientific thinking, what does a sufficient cause mean?
A cause that is enough to produce an effect on its own.
What type of causality exists where A causes B, but B has no effect on A?
Non-recursive causality
What type of causality exists when A causes B, but B has no effect on A?
Linear Causality
In scientific thinking, what does a necessary cause mean?
The outcome always follows the cause, and the outcome never happens without the cause.
What type of causality takes place in homeostatic mechanisms through the body, where an increase in B causes a decrease in A, such that an equilibrium is established?
Negative Feedback Causality
If smoking were a sufficient cause of lung cancer, what would happen?
Everyone who smoked would get lung cancer.
What term refers to whether a particular cause is needed to bring about an effect and if that cause is enough by itself?
Sufficient Cause
In what type of causality does A cause B, which in turn produces an increase in A, leading to a vicious circle interaction?
Circular Causality
What term refers to the connection between two things where one is the result of the other?
Causality
In scientific thinking, what does a sufficient cause mean?
A cause that is not necessary for the effect to occur
What is the relationship between cell division and the growth of an elephant?
Linear causality
What type of causality is demonstrated when each reaction sets off many other reactions in an explosion?
Chain reaction causality
In which type of causality does A cause B, which in turn produces an increase in A, leading to a vicious circle interaction?
Circular causality
What does a necessary cause mean in scientific thinking?
A cause that is essential for the effect to occur
What type of causality exists where A causes B, but B has no effect on A?
Negative feedback causality
According to the text, what do non-scientists generally mean when they talk about causality?
The connection between two things where one is the result of the other
Test your knowledge about types of causalities, including the relationship between cause and effect, regularly correlated events or phenomena, and consequence relationships.
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